Year: 2010
Type: dissertation
Abstract: Background 1 1.2 Research problem 3 1.3 Aim of study 4 1.4 Study objectives 4 1.5 Site description 5 1.6 References 8 CHAPTER 2: Drinking water contaminants and their impact on health 11 VI 3.6 References CHAPTER 4: The chemical and steroid hormone analysis of raw and drinking water from two drinking water treatment plants in Gauteng.4.1 Abstract 4.2 Introduction 4.3 Materials and Methods 4.3.1 Collection of water samples 4.3.2Analytical techniques used for the chemical analysis of water samples 4.3.3Detection of steroid hormones in water 4.3.3.1 Solid phase extraction (SPE) of water samples 4.3.3.2Estrone ELISA 4.3.3.3Testosterone ELISA 4.3.4Statistical analysis 4.4 Results 4.4.1 The physical and chemical analysis of water 4.4.2The validation of steroid hormone assays 4.4.2.1 Testosterone ELISA 4.4.2.2 Estrone ELISA 4.4.3The detection of testosterone in raw and drinking water from the M and Bar plants 4.4.4The detection of estrone in raw and drinking water from the M and Bar-plants 4.5 Discussion 4.6 Conclusion CHAPTER 5: The immunotoxicity of raw and drinking water from two drinking water treatment plants in Gauteng.5.1 Abstract VII 5.2 Introduction 5.3 Materials and Methods 5.3.1 Collection of water samples 5.3.2Blood collection 5.3.3Whole blood culture for inflammatory activity 5.3.4Whole blood culture for T helper cytokine synthesis 5.3.5 Cytotoxicity assay 5.3.6 Cytokine ELISA's 5.3.8Statistical analysis 5.4 Results 5.4.1 The effect of water on cellular toxicity 5.4.2Validation of the whole blood culture assay to monitor cytokine synthesis 5.4.2.1 Interleukin 6 (IL-6) 5.4.2.2 Interleukin 10 (IL-10) 5.4.2.3 Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) 5.4.2.4 Mitogen stimulation 5.4.3The immunotoxicity of raw and drinking water from the M-plant 5.4.4The immunotoxicity of raw and drinking water from the Bar-plant 5.5 Discussion 5.6 Conclusion 5.7 References CHAPTER 6: Summary 6.1 Conclusion 6.2 Future recommendations VIII List of abbreviations % percent °C degrees Celsius µl microlitre Ab antibodies ACTH adrenocorticotropic hormone Ag antigen ANOVA one way analysis of variance APC antigen presenting cell BSA bovine serum albumin cAMP cyclic adenosine monophosphate Cd cadmium CD4 helper T cell CD8 cytotoxic T cell cGMP cyclic guanosine monophosphate CRH corticotropin-releasing hormone DAEC diffusely adhering E. coli DBPs disinfection by-products DMSO dimethyl sulfoxide DNA deoxyribonucleic acid EAEC enteroaggregative E. coli EDCs endocrine disrupting chemicals EHEC enterohemorrhagic E.
Author: Cheryl Malan
Language: English
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W2727245597