Mitochondrial uncoupling in the melanocortin system differentially regulates NPY and POMC neurons to promote weight-loss
Year: 2017
Type: article
Abstract: OBJECTIVE: The mitochondrial uncoupling agent 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), historically used as a treatment for obesity, is known to cross the blood-brain-barrier, but its effects on central neural circuits controlling body weight are largely unknown. As hypothalamic melanocortin neuropeptide Y/agouti-related protein (NPY/AgRP) and pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) neurons represent key central regulators of food intake and energy expenditure we investigated the effects of DNP on these neurons, food intake and energy expenditure. METHOD: C57BL/6 and melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4R) knock-out mice were administered DNP intracerebroventricularly (ICV) and the metabolic changes were characterized. The specific role of NPY and POMC neurons and the ionic mechanisms mediating the effects of uncoupling were examined with in vitro electrophysiology performed on NPY hrGFP or POMC eGFP mice. RESULTS: Here we show DNP-induced differential effects on melanocortin neurons including inhibiting orexigenic NPY and activating anorexigenic POMC neurons through independent ionic mechanisms coupled to mitochondrial function, consistent with an anorexigenic central effect. Central administration of DNP induced weight-loss, increased BAT thermogenesis and browning of white adipose tissue, and decreased food intake, effects that were absent in MC4R knock-out mice and blocked by the MC4R antagonist, AgRP. CONCLUSION: These data show a novel central anti-obesity mechanism of action of DNP and highlight the potential for selective melanocortin mitochondrial uncoupling to target metabolic disorders.
Source: Molecular Metabolism
Institutions: Monash University, University of Warwick
Language: English
Subfield: Endocrine and Autonomic Systems
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,270
Awards: Effects of melanocortin neurons on systemic glucose homeostasis, Brain glucose-sensing: age- and energy-status-dependent plasticity of function-specific Pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC) glucose-sensing neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus, Diabetes target discovery and drug development in mice and primates, Age- and energy-status dependent-plasticity of glucose sensing, orexigenic NPY Neurons: the glucose-ghrelin balance
OpenAlex ID: W2727527593