Year: 1986
Type: article
Abstract: It is a rather widespread opinion that the economic systern of a country (inctuding countries of the socialistic camp) depends mainly on its national geography, history, culture, stage of soeial and economic development and political circumstances.The JapaneseSociety forSlavic and East European Studies MASAffIRO TAGUCHI gl.The PoEish Conception of Plarming before l944 Economic stagnation characterized the Polish economy in the interwar period.Therpw were yarieus barriers te growth: 1) the alliance ofmonopolistic capital and large landowners did not a]low Tadical change, 2) some key industry branches were in foreign hands,2 and 3)the Polish bourgeoisie was uninterested in long-t.prminvestment, and lacked capital for such investinent.The state was thus the oniy agent to undertake such a task.In the thirties an att.empt te selve these problems was undertaken bv Eugeniusz Kwiatkewski, the Polish Deputy Prirne Minister and the Minister of t.he Treasur}i.The Four-Year Investment Plan was worked out to cover the period from j'uly l936 to June l940, and the constructien of the Central industrial Di"strict (CID) was initiated.The area of the CID embraced 15.4% of Poland's territory and included 18% of the country's population.The construction of the CID started in l937.rThere were thTee reasons fbr the location of the CID: military --to ensure that the industrial centre was a safe distance from the borderss demographic --to reduce large unemployment and overpopulation problerns in villages (400-700 thousand people); and economic --to create an outlet for the agricultural products of Eastern Poland, the raw-rnaterials and half finished goods of Western Peland and hydroelectric energy and gas from the South.Some of the enterprises and factories which were initiated at that time were steel and metalurgical works in Stalowa Wola, armament factories in RadoTn and Starachowice, an airplane engine factory in Mielec, the Cegiel- ski machine-tool factory, the Rzesz6w refiector factory, and the Debica Chemical works.Until September l 939, abeut 400 million Polish zloty (the Polish curreney) was invested in the CID and about 104 thousand people were employed there.3It is worth mentioning that no domestic private 2. In 1943 tke share of fereign capital in the petroieum industry was 93.3%, jn the mining industry -67.4%, in the steel industry -82.5%, in the chemical industry - 70,1%, electric power, gas and water conduit -82.4%.
DOI: 10.5823/jsees.7.0_69
Author: Masahiro TAGUCHI
Institution: Kyoto University
Language: English
Field: Social Sciences
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W2734991674