Preliminary report from the World Health Organisation Chest Radiography in Epidemiological Studies project
Year: 2017
Type: article
Abstract: Childhood pneumonia is among the leading infectious causes of mortality in children younger than 5 years of age globally. Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) is the leading infectious cause of childhood bacterial pneumonia. The diagnosis of childhood pneumonia remains a critical epidemiological task for monitoring vaccine and treatment program effectiveness. The chest radiograph remains the most readily available and common imaging modality to assess childhood pneumonia. In 1997, the World Health Organization Radiology Working Group was established to provide a consensus method for the standardized definition for the interpretation of pediatric frontal chest radiographs, for use in bacterial vaccine efficacy trials in children. The definition was not designed for use in individual patient clinical management because of its emphasis on specificity at the expense of sensitivity. These definitions and endpoint conclusions were published in 2001 and an analysis of observer variation for these conclusions using a reference library of chest radiographs was published in 2005. In response to the technical needs identified through subsequent meetings, the World Health Organization Chest Radiography in Epidemiological Studies (CRES) project was initiated and is designed to be a continuation of the World Health Organization Radiology Working Group. The aims of the World Health Organization CRES project are to clarify the definitions used in the World Health Organization defined standardized interpretation of pediatric chest radiographs in bacterial vaccine impact and pneumonia epidemiological studies, reinforce the focus on reproducible chest radiograph readings, provide training and support with World Health Organization defined standardized interpretation of chest radiographs and develop guidelines and tools for investigators and site staff to assist in obtaining high-quality chest radiographs.
Source: Pediatric Radiology
Authors: Nasreen Mahomed, Nicholas Fancourt, John de Campo, Margaret de Campo, Aliu Akano, Thomas Cherian, Olivia G. Cohen, David Greenberg, Stephen Lacey, Neera Kohli, Henrique M. Lederman, Shabir A. Madhi, Veronica Manduku, Eric D. McCollum, Kate Park, Jose Luis Ribo-Aristizabal, Naor Bar-Zeev, Katherine L. O’Brien, Kim Mulholland
Institutions: University of the Witwatersrand, Respiratory and Meningeal Pathogens Research Unit, Johns Hopkins University, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The University of Melbourne, National Hospital Abuja, World Health Organization, Soroka Medical Center, King George's Medical University, Hospital São Paulo, National Research Foundation, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Johns Hopkins Medicine, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu Barcelona, University of Liverpool, University of Malawi, Malawi-Liverpool-Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Programme, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $2,712
OpenAlex ID: W2756982093