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Microcontrolled injectable stimulators based on electronic rectification of high frequency current bursts

Year: 2016
Type: dissertation
Abstract: Neuroprostheses based on dense networks of wireless microstimulators have been proposed in the past for restoring movement in paralysis patients. Yet existing implantable microstimulators are too bulky and invasive for implementing such networks because of the powering approaches they employ. To overcome this limitation, it was recently proposed an innovative electrical stimulation method incorporating electronic implants. The method consist in delivering, by means of superficial textile electrodes, high frequency current bursts which innocuously flow through tissues by galvanic coupling and which are rectified by the implants, thereby transforming these bursts into low frequency currents capable of performing local stimulation. Since the implants lack bulky components for powering, such as coils and batteries, the method will enable miniaturization levels without precedents for microstimulators. The method was first demonstrated with very simple implants that could not be controlled externally, impeding independent stimulation of different target muscles. This thesis demonstrates that the method allows the development of digitally addressable microstimulators. In particular, this thesis describes the development, characterization and in vivo assay of addressable stimulators made of off-the-shelf electronic components. The developed microcontrolled and wireless stimulators are semi-rigid and can be easily implanted by injection thanks to their elongated shape (2 mm thick and almost 49 mm long). They perform charge-balanced neuromuscular stimulation in response to commands modulated in high frequency current bursts which meet safety standards. This thesis paves the way to future ultrathin stimulators based on a custom integrated circuit.
Language: English
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W2760666471
Cites: 107
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Related to: 10