Work

Structure of the nucleon’s low-lying excitations

Year: 2018

Type: article

Abstract: A continuum approach to the three valence-quark bound-state problem in quantum field theory is used to perform a comparative study of the four lightest $(I=1/2,{J}^{P}=1/{2}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})$ baryon isospin doublets in order to elucidate their structural similarities and differences. Such analyses predict the presence of nonpointlike, electromagnetically active quark-quark (diquark) correlations within all baryons; and in these doublets, isoscalar-scalar, isovector-pseudovector, isoscalar-pseudoscalar, and vector diquarks can all play a role. In the two lightest $(1/2,1/{2}^{+})$ doublets, however, scalar and pseudovector diquarks are overwhelmingly dominant. The associated rest-frame wave functions are largely $S$-wave in nature; and the first excited state in this $1/{2}^{+}$ channel has the appearance of a radial excitation of the ground state. The two lightest $(1/2,1/{2}^{\ensuremath{-}})$ doublets fit a different picture: accurate estimates of their masses are obtained by retaining only pseudovector diquarks; in their rest frames, the amplitudes describing their dressed-quark cores contain roughly equal fractions of even- and odd-parity diquarks; and the associated wave functions are predominantly $P$-wave in nature, but possess measurable $S$-wave components. Moreover, the first excited state in each negative-parity channel has little of the appearance of a radial excitation. In quantum field theory, all differences between positive- and negative-parity channels must owe to chiral symmetry breaking, which is overwhelmingly dynamical in the light-quark sector. Consequently, experiments that can validate the contrasts drawn herein between the structure of the four lightest $(1/2,1/{2}^{\ifmmode\pm\else\textpm\fi{}})$ doublets will prove valuable in testing links between emergent mass generation and observable phenomena and, plausibly, thereby revealing dynamical features of confinement.

Source: Physical review. D/Physical review. D.

DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.034016

Authors: Chen Chen, Bruno El-Bennich, Craig D. Roberts, Sebastian M. Schmidt, Jorge Segovia, Shaolong Wan