Prevalence of Asymptomatic Parasitemia and Gametocytemia in HIV-Infected Children on Differing Antiretroviral Therapy
Year: 2017
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Laboratory data and prior pediatric reports indicate that HIV protease inhibitor (PI)–based antiretroviral therapy (ARV) kills gametocytes and reduces rates of gametocytemia, but not asymptomatic parasitemia, in a high malaria-transmission area. To determine whether ARV regimen impacts these rates in areas with less-intense malaria transmission, we compared asymptomatic parasitemia and gametocytemia rates in HIV-infected children by ARV regimen in Lilongwe, Malawi, an area of low-to-moderate transmission intensity. HIV PI lopinavir–ritonavir (LPV–rtv) ARV– or non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor nevirapine ARV–treated children did not differ in the rates of polymerase chain reaction-detected asymptomatic parasitemia (relative risk [RR] 0.43 95% confidence interval [CI] [0.16, 1.18], P value 0.10) or microscopically detected gametocytemia with LPV–rtv ARV during symptomatic malaria (RR 0.48 95% CI [0.22,1.04] P value 0.06). LPV–rtv ARV was not associated with reduced rates of asymptomatic parasitemia, or gametocytemia on days of symptomatic malaria episodes, in HIV-infected children. Larger studies should evaluate whether ARV impacts transmission.
Institutions: National Institutes of Health, University of Mississippi Medical Center, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, New York University, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kamuzu Central Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Yale University, Henry M. Jackson Foundation, University of Washington, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Dartmouth College
Language: English
Topic: Malaria Research and Control
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: Statistical and Data Management Center-Pediatric,Adolescent, and Maternal CTG, SDMC - IMPAACT Leadership Group, International Maternal, Adolescent and Pediatric Therapeutics Clinical Trials Network, University of North Carolina Global HIV Prevention and Treatment Clinical Trials Unit, IMPAACT Leadership Group
OpenAlex ID: W2770711435