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Correlations between Gray-White Matter Contrast in Prefrontal Lobe Regions and Cognitive Set-Shifting in Healthy Adults

Year: 2017
Type: report
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: axons that are insulated by a lipid sheath known as myelin.Myelin allows for saltatory conduction, enabling the brain to send action potentials at higher speeds.Thus, gray-and white-matter regions complement each other and work together to relay impulses efficiently and quickly.Brain lesion studies suggest that the PFC plays an important role in executive functioning (Bissonette, Powell, & Roesch, 2013), but the specific regions within the PFC that are relevant have yet to be fully identified.This project used quantitative magnetic resonance imaging (qMRI) to obtain grey-white matter contrast (GWC as a measurement of prefrontal lobe brain structure integrity.The less contrast there is, the more blurring occurs at the junction between the cortical gray matter and adjacent white matter.Blurring can occur when neurons designated for gray matter get stuck in the white matter during cortical development.GWC is measured by computing a ratio of signal intensity values in the gray matter above the gray-white junction to signal intensity values in the white matter below.It was chosen as a measure of cortical structural integrity due to previous findings that it is linearly related to decreased language function bilaterally in the temporal, parietal and frontal regions and that it is a mediator of group differences in cognitive performance between patients with epilepsy and healthy controls (Blackmon et al., 2014).While the ratio of grey matter to white matter volume has proven to be a useful brain image modality, previous studies mostly used this for the investigations involving brain aging and Alzheimer's disease (Taki, Thyreau, Kinomura, Sato, & Goto, 2011).
DOI: 10.22186/jyi.33.4.98-107
Language: English
Open Access status: gold
OpenAlex ID: W2783286285
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Cited by: 1
Related to: 10