Work

DNA adducts: Formation, biological effects, and new biospecimens for mass spectrometric measurements in humans

Year: 2018

Type: review

Abstract: Hazardous chemicals in the environment and diet or their electrophilic metabolites can form adducts with genomic DNA, which can lead to mutations and the initiation of cancer. In addition, reactive intermediates can be generated in the body through oxidative stress and damage the genome. The identification and measurement of DNA adducts are required for understanding exposure and the causal role of a genotoxic chemical in cancer risk. Over the past three decades, 32 P‐postlabeling, immunoassays, gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS) methods have been established to assess exposures to chemicals through measurements of DNA adducts. It is now possible to measure some DNA adducts in human biopsy samples, by LC/MS, with as little as several milligrams of tissue. In this review article, we highlight the formation and biological effects of DNA adducts, and highlight our advances in human biomonitoring by mass spectrometric analysis of formalin‐fixed paraffin‐embedded tissues, untapped biospecimens for carcinogen DNA adduct biomarker research.

Source: Mass Spectrometry Reviews

DOI: 10.1002/mas.21570

Authors: Byeong Hwa Yun, Jingshu Guo, Medjda Bellamri, Robert J. Turesky

Institutions: University of Minnesota, Masonic Cancer Center

Language: English

Topic: Carcinogens and Genotoxicity Assessment

Subfield: Cancer Research

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: green

Funders: National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences