Health Concerns of Various Nanoparticles: A Review of Their in Vitro and in Vivo Toxicity
Year: 2018
Type: review
Abstract: Nanoparticles (NPs) are currently used in diagnosis and treatment of many human diseases, including autoimmune diseases and cancer. However, cytotoxic effects of NPs on normal cells and living organs is a severe limiting factor that hinders their use in clinic. In addition, diversity of NPs and their physico-chemical properties, including particle size, shape, surface area, dispersity and protein corona effects are considered as key factors that have a crucial impact on their safe or toxicological behaviors. Current studies on toxic effects of NPs are aimed to identify the targets and mechanisms of their side effects, with a focus on elucidating the patterns of NP transport, accumulation, degradation, and elimination, in both in vitro and in vitro models. NPs can enter the body through inhalation, skin and digestive routes. Consequently, there is a need for reliable information about effects of NPs on various organs in order to reveal their efficacy and impact on health. This review covers the existing knowledge base on the subject that hopefully prepares us better to address these challenges.
Source: Nanomaterials
DOI: 10.3390/nano8090634
Institutions: Iran University of Medical Sciences, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Islamic Azad University Central Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University Pharmaceutical Sciences Branch, Abadan University of Medical Sciences, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials, Palacký University Olomouc
Language: English
Subfield: Materials Chemistry
Field: Materials Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,896
OpenAlex ID: W2808848745