Work

Engineered Oncolytic Poliovirus PVSRIPO Subverts MDA5-Dependent Innate Immune Responses in Cancer Cells

Year: 2018

Type: article

Abstract: Engaging innate antiviral responses is considered key for instigating tumor-antigen-specific antitumor immunity with cancer immunotherapy approaches. However, they are a double-edged sword for attempts to enlist viruses in such approaches. In addition to their role in the transition from innate to adaptive immunity, innate antiviral IFN responses may intercept the viral life cycle in cancerous cells, prevent viral cytopathogenicity, and restrict viral spread. This has been shown to reduce overall antitumor efficacy of several proposed oncolytic virus prototypes, presumably by limiting direct cell killing and the ensuing inflammatory profile within the infected tumor. In this report, we outline how an unusual recalcitrance of polioviruses toward innate antiviral responses permits viral cytotoxicity and propagation in neoplastic cells, combined with engaging active innate antiviral IFN responses.

Source: Journal of Virology

DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00879-18

Authors: Ross W. Walton, Michael C. Brown, Matthew T. Sacco, Matthias Gromeier

Institutions: Duke University, Duke Medical Center

Language: English

Topic: Virus-based gene therapy research

Subfield: Genetics

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

SDG: Good health and well-being

Open Access status: bronze

Funders: National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute