Work

Developmental enhancers and chromosome topology

Year: 2018

Type: review

Abstract: Developmental enhancers mediate on/off patterns of gene expression in specific cell types at particular stages during metazoan embryogenesis. They typically integrate multiple signals and regulatory determinants to achieve precise spatiotemporal expression. Such enhancers can map quite far-one megabase or more-from the genes they regulate. How remote enhancers relay regulatory information to their target promoters is one of the central mysteries of genome organization and function. A variety of contrasting mechanisms have been proposed over the years, including enhancer tracking, linking, looping, and mobilization to transcription factories. We argue that extreme versions of these mechanisms cannot account for the transcriptional dynamics and precision seen in living cells, tissues, and embryos. We describe emerging evidence for dynamic three-dimensional hubs that combine different elements of the classical models.

Source: Science

DOI: 10.1126/science.aau0320

Authors: Eileen E. M. Furlong, Michael Levine

Institutions: European Molecular Biology Laboratory, Princeton University

Language: English

Topic: Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics

Subfield: Molecular Biology

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

Open Access status: green

Funders: National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of General Medical Sciences

Awards: Imaging chromosome dynamics and measuring its impact on transcriptional activity, Visualization of gene activity in the Drosophila embryo