Year: 2019
Type: article
Abstract: We study the joint probability distribution function of the work and the change of photon number of the nonequilibrium process of driving the electromagnetic (EM) field in a three-dimensional cavity with an oscillating boundary. The system is initially prepared in a grand-canonical equilibrium state and we obtain the analytical expressions of the characteristic functions of work distributions in the single-resonance and multiple-resonance conditions. Our study demonstrates the validity of the fluctuation theorems of the grand-canonical ensemble in nonequilibrium processes with particle creation and annihilation. In addition, our work illustrates that, in the high-temperature limit, the work done on the quantized EM field approaches its classical counterpart, while in the low-temperature limit, similar to Casimir effect, it differs significantly from its classical counterpart.
Source: Physical Review A
Language: English
Subfield: Statistical and Nonlinear Physics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: G327783572, 有限开放系统的量子相干效应及其应用, G3762049097
OpenAlex ID: W2913326909