Year: 2018
Type: article
Abstract: Demencija je sindrom globalnog i progresivnog oštećenja stečenih kognitivnih sposobnosti pri očuvanoj svijesti prouzročen organskom bolešću središnjeg živčanog sustava u kojem su posebno oštećene sposobnosti pamćenja, učenja, apstraktnog mišljenja, orijentacije te poimanja vidno-prostornih odnosa.Prevalencija i incidencija Alzheimerove bolesti (AB), najčešćeg uzroka demencije, znatno je veća kod žena nego kod muškaraca, a ta se razlika s dobi povećava.Dvostruko veća učestalost AB kod žena u odnosu na muškarce djelomično se može objasniti time što žene imaju očekivano dulji životni vijek.Žene imaju lošiju kognitivnu izvedbu na mnogim neuropsihologijskim testovima u odnosu na muškarce u istom stadiju bolesti, odnosno višestruke kognitivne funkcije kod žena teže su i šire zahvaćene nego kod muškaraca.Mogući razlozi za ovakvu nepovoljnost naspram žena su redukcija estrogena u postmenopauzi, veće kognitivne rezerve muškaraca te utjecaj apolipoproteina E. Određeni biološki čimbenici također bi mogli objasniti različite kliničke manifestacije AB s obzirom na spol.Osim što prema prezentiranim podatcima žene češće obolijevaju od AB, žene su također te koje u bitno većoj mjeri pružaju neformalnu njegu ljudima s demencijom, te su oko dvije trećine neformalnih njegovatelja žene.Zaključno, u daljnjem istraživačkom i kliničkom radu s AB svakako bi trebalo obratiti pozornost na spoznaje o spolnim razlikama u razvoju i progresiji ove bolesti./ Dementia is a syndrome of global and progressive impairment of acquired cognitive abilities with preserved consciousness caused by an organic illness of the central nervous system with especially pronounced damage to the ability to memorise, learn, think abstractly, orientate, and perceive spatial relations.The prevalence and incidence of Alzheimer's Disease (AD), the most common cause of dementia, is considerably greater in women than in men, and that difference increases with age.The fact that AD occurs twice as often in women than in men may be partially explained by a longer life expectancy among women.Women show worse cognitive performance on numerous neuropsychological tests in comparison to men during the same stage of the disease, meaning that multiple cognitive functions are more widely and severely impaired in women than in men.Possible reasons for such unfavourable results among women are a reduction of oestrogen during post-menopause, larger cognitive reserves in men, and the influence of apolipoprotein E. Certain biological factors may also explain various clinical manifestations of AD regarding sex.Apart from the fact that, according to presented data, women develop AD more often than men, women are also those who offer informal care to people with dementia in much greater numbers, and almost two thirds of informal caregivers are women.In conclusion, further research and clinical work with AD should certainly pay attention to insights about sex differences in the development and progression of this disease.Soc.psihijat.| 46 (2018) | 58-76 PREGLED / REVIEW 59
Source: Socijalna psihijatrija
Language: English
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W2806496978