Year: 2019
Type: article
Abstract: Citrus cv.Terigas (Citrus reticulata) genetically has a fragile fruit peel that occurs from young up to mature stage which causing farmers to suffer detrimental lost in production.The addition of K, Mg, and Ca can reduce the number of damaged fruit.This research was conducted at the Tlekung Experimental Field, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruits Research Institute (ICSFRI) in January -October 2017, using 4-year-old Mandarin cv.Terigas and Tangerine cv.Pontianak citrus plants.The aims of this study was to evaluate the effect of K, Ca and Mg fertilizers on nutrient uptake in plants, fruit development, and the percentage of cracking fruit on Mandarin cv.Terigas (Citrus reticulata) and Tangerine cv.Pontianak (C.reticulata Blanco.).The experiment was carried out in a Nested Design.The I st factor was the application of K, Ca and Mg through foliar spray, consisted of P1 (Control/without fertilizing), P2 (recommended fertilization), P3 (P2Mg), and P5 (P2 + 6 g l -1 KNO 3 ).The second one was the variety, Mandarin cv.Terigas and Tangerine cv.Pontianak as a control.The treatment was repeated 3 times with a unit treatment of 5 plants.Observations were made on macro nutrient uptake on leaves and fruit skin, development of fruit size, number of cracking fruit/plant, size of fruit diameter, and thickness of fruit peel.The results showed that the cracking incidence of Terigas fruits was caused by the thinning of the fruit peels, where the thinner the peel of the fruit, the more fruit would be cracked (Y = 20.501 to 9, 9702 X, R 2 = 67.5%),while the thickness of the skin was not influenced by nutrients absorbed in the fruit peel.Treatment P2 to P5 was able to suppress fruit cracking on Terigas Mandarin between 22 -56.1% at age of 22 weeks and 14.9 -42.6% at age of 26 weeks after flowering.Moreover, P3 can prevent 50% of cracking fruit/plant less than the control (P1).All treatments did not significantly affect on the thickness of peel fruit of Tangerine cv.Pontianak.This activity has an impact on increasing the quantity and quality production of Mandarin cv.Terigas.KEY WORDS Fruit cracking, Mandarin cv.Terigas, Tangerine cv.Pontianak, fruit peel.Fruit cracking incidence is one of disorders that can be caused by either abiotic factors, the rootstock used (El-Sayed, 2016), or other physiological disorders (Agusti et al., 2002).Genetically, this damage is likely caused by the fruit skin which is relatively thinner than others.Garcia-Luis et al. (2001) added that fruit anatomy developed distinctively between susceptible and resistant varieties to fruit cracking.The occurrence of fruit cracking was caused by disturbances during the development of the skin and fruit pulp.In the cell enlargement phase, if the fruit's skin develops more slowly than the fruit pulp, this process would occur.Although the albedo part ('spongy') can adjust to this process, but this is not the case for more rigid parts of the flavedo, hence fruit tend to cracks.The phenomenon of those cracking in citrus is different from other plants (Sheikh & Manjula, 2012), because its fruit has a unique morphology (Cronje et al., 2013).Citrus fruit consists of pulp and skin composed of an internal layer (mesocarp) with white
Authors: Hardiyanto, D.N. Friyanti
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $28
OpenAlex ID: W2921427371