Year: 2019
Type: review
Abstract: Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is a syndrome of acute respiratory failure caused by noncardiogenic pulmonary edema. Despite five decades of basic and clinical research, there is still no effective pharmacotherapy for this condition and the treatment remains primarily supportive. It is critical to study the molecular and physiologic mechanisms that cause ARDS to improve our understanding of this syndrome and reduce mortality. The goal of this review is to describe our current understanding of the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of ARDS. First, we will describe how pulmonary edema fluid accumulates in ARDS due to lung inflammation and increased alveolar endothelial and epithelial permeabilities. Next, we will review how pulmonary edema fluid is normally cleared in the uninjured lung, and describe how these pathways are disrupted in ARDS. Finally, we will explain how clinical trials and preclinical studies of novel therapeutic agents have further refined our understanding of this condition, highlighting, in particular, the study of mesenchymal stromal cells in the treatment of ARDS.
Authors: Laura Huppert, Michael Matthay, Lorraine Ware
Language: English
Subfield: Pulmonary and Respiratory Medicine
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: bronze
Awards: Allogeneic Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells for the Treatment of Acute Lung Injury, G2392155623, Midcareer Investigator Award in Patient-Oriented Research in Acute Lung Injury, G3422402278, G3429402575, RESOLUTION OF CLINICAL LUNG INJURY, G6752351227, G9000161121, Resolution of Clinical Lung Injury
OpenAlex ID: W2944584167