Year: 2013
Type: preprint
Abstract: This paper explores bias in the estimation of sampling variance in Respondent Driven Sampling (RDS). Prior methodological work on RDS has focused on its problematic assumptions and the biases and inefficiencies of its estimators of the population mean. Nonetheless, researchers have given only slight attention to the topic of estimating sampling variance in RDS, despite the importance of variance estimation for the construction of confidence intervals and hypothesis tests. In this paper, we show that the estimators of RDS sampling variance rely on a critical assumption that the network is First Order Markov (FOM) with respect to the dependent variable of interest. We demonstrate, through intuitive examples, mathematical generalizations, and computational experiments that current RDS variance estimators will always underestimate the population sampling variance of RDS in empirical networks that do not conform to the FOM assumption. Analysis of 215 observed university and school networks from Facebook and Add Health indicates that the FOM assumption is violated in every empirical network we analyze, and that these violations lead to substantially biased RDS estimators of sampling variance. We propose and test two alternative variance estimators that show some promise for reducing biases, but which also illustrate the limits of estimating sampling variance with only partial information on the underlying population social network.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Language: English
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: National Science Foundation, University of Pennsylvania, Pennsylvania State University, National Institutes of Health, Gillings School of Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Awards: G1113498402, G1165640160, CAREER: Model Fluid-Solid Interactions, Networks REUs, and BioCalculus, G1425959741, G1612217504, G1692727903, G1789099407, G1871174730, G2270545241, G2428068543, G3177719516, NATIONAL STUDY OF ADOLESCENT HEALTH--SURVEY 2000, G339783423, G3511106470, G3617356680, G5173858953, G57088340, G597551293, G6613980829, G7623829690, G7925887375, Population Research Training
OpenAlex ID: W2950703679