Quality of dietary fat and genetic risk of type 2 diabetes: individual participant data meta-analysis
Year: 2019
Type: review
Abstract: Objective To investigate whether the genetic burden of type 2 diabetes modifies the association between the quality of dietary fat and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. Design Individual participant data meta-analysis. Data sources Eligible prospective cohort studies were systematically sourced from studies published between January 1970 and February 2017 through electronic searches in major medical databases (Medline, Embase, and Scopus) and discussion with investigators. Review methods Data from cohort studies or multicohort consortia with available genome-wide genetic data and information about the quality of dietary fat and the incidence of type 2 diabetes in participants of European descent was sought. Prospective cohorts that had accrued five or more years of follow-up were included. The type 2 diabetes genetic risk profile was characterized by a 68-variant polygenic risk score weighted by published effect sizes. Diet was recorded by using validated cohort-specific dietary assessment tools. Outcome measures were summary adjusted hazard ratios of incident type 2 diabetes for polygenic risk score, isocaloric replacement of carbohydrate (refined starch and sugars) with types of fat, and the interaction of types of fat with polygenic risk score. Results Of 102 305 participants from 15 prospective cohort studies, 20 015 type 2 diabetes cases were documented after a median follow-up of 12 years (interquartile range 9.4-14.2). The hazard ratio of type 2 diabetes per increment of 10 risk alleles in the polygenic risk score was 1.64 (95% confidence interval 1.54 to 1.75, I 2 =7.1%, τ 2 =0.003). The increase of polyunsaturated fat and total omega 6 polyunsaturated fat intake in place of carbohydrate was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes, with hazard ratios of 0.90 (0.82 to 0.98, I 2 =18.0%, τ 2 =0.006; per 5% of energy) and 0.99 (0.97 to 1.00, I 2 =58.8%, τ 2 =0.001; per increment of 1 g/d), respectively. Increasing monounsaturated fat in place of carbohydrate was associated with a higher risk of type 2 diabetes (hazard ratio 1.10, 95% confidence interval 1.01 to 1.19, I 2 =25.9%, τ 2 =0.006; per 5% of energy). Evidence of small study effects was detected for the overall association of polyunsaturated fat with the risk of type 2 diabetes, but not for the omega 6 polyunsaturated fat and monounsaturated fat associations. Significant interactions between dietary fat and polygenic risk score on the risk of type 2 diabetes (P>0.05 for interaction) were not observed. Conclusions These data indicate that genetic burden and the quality of dietary fat are each associated with the incidence of type 2 diabetes. The findings do not support tailoring recommendations on the quality of dietary fat to individual type 2 diabetes genetic risk profiles for the primary prevention of type 2 diabetes, and suggest that dietary fat is associated with the risk of type 2 diabetes across the spectrum of type 2 diabetes genetic risk.
Source: BMJ
DOI: 10.1136/bmj.l4292
Authors: Jordi Merino, Marta Guasch-Ferré, Christina Ellervik, Hassan S Dashti, Stephen J Sharp, Peitao Wu, Kim Overvad, Chloé Sarnowski, Mikko Kuokkanen, Rozenn N Lemaitre, Anne E Justice, Ulrika Ericson, Kim V E Braun, Yuvaraj Mahendran, Alexis C Frazier-Wood, Dianjianyi Sun, Audrey Y Chu, Toshiko Tanaka, Jian’an Luan, Jaeyoung Hong, Anne Tjønneland, Ming Ding, Annamari Lundqvist, Kenneth Mukamal, Rebecca Rohde, Christina-Alexandra Schulz, Oscar H Franco, Niels Grarup, Yii-Der Ida Chen, Lydia Bazzano, Paul W Franks, Julie E Buring, Claudia Langenberg, Ching-Ti Liu, Torben Hansen, Majken K Jensen, Katri Sääksjärvi, Bruce M Psaty, Kristin L Young, George Hindy, Camilla Helene Sandholt, Paul M Ridker, Jose M Ordovas, James B Meigs, Oluf Pedersen, Peter Kraft, Markus Perola, Kari E North, Marju Orho-Melander, Trudy Voortman, Ulla Toft, Jerome I Rotter, Lu Qi, Nita G Forouhi, Dariush Mozaffarian, Thorkild I A Sørensen, Meir J Stampfer, Satu Männistö, Elizabeth Selvin, Fumiaki Imamura, Veikko Salomaa, Frank B Hu, Nick J Wareham, Josée Dupuis, Caren E Smith, Tuomas O Kilpeläinen, Daniel I Chasman, Jose C Florez
Institutions: Broad Institute, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard University, Boston Children's Hospital, University of Cambridge, MRC Epidemiology Unit, Boston University, Aarhus University, Aalborg University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, University of Washington, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Geisinger Health System, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Erasmus MC, University of Copenhagen, Danish Diabetes Academy, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Children's Nutrition Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine, Tulane University, Brigham and Women's Hospital, National Institute on Aging, Danish Cancer Society, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, The Lundquist Institute, Harbor–UCLA Medical Center, University of Oxford, Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, Umeå University, Kaiser Permanente Washington Health Research Institute, Tufts University, Spanish National Centre for Cardiovascular Research, Jean Mayer Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, IMDEA Food, University of Tartu, Glostrup Hospital, Capital Region of Denmark, Johns Hopkins University, Framingham Heart Study
Language: English
Subfield: Genetics
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Awards: Rare variants and NHLBI traits in deeply phenotyped cohorts, G232264632, G2349186604, CHS research resources for the cardiovascular health of older adults, G4050667541, Rare variants and NHLBI traits in deeply phenotyped cohorts, G50080621, CHARGE consortium: omics discovery for CVD and aging phenotypes, Rare Sequence Variation and Diabetes Quantitative Traits, G6957823285, NIHR Senior Investigator Award, G8944598329
OpenAlex ID: W2963224072