Year: 2019
Type: article
Abstract: Exosomes are nanovesicles secreted by virtually all cells. Exosomes mediate the horizontal transfer of various macromolecules previously believed to be cell-autonomous in nature, including nonsecretory proteins, various classes of RNA, metabolites, and lipid membrane-associated factors. Exosomes derived from mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) appear to be particularly beneficial for enhancing recovery in various models of disease. To date, there have been more than 200 preclinical studies of exosome-based therapies in a number of different animal models. Despite a growing number of studies reporting the therapeutic properties of MSC-derived exosomes, their underlying mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, and scalable manufacturing remain largely outstanding questions. Here, we review the global trends associated with preclinical development of MSC-derived exosome-based therapies, including immunogenicity, source of exosomes, isolation methods, biodistribution, and disease categories tested to date. Although the in vivo data assessing the therapeutic properties of MSC-exosomes published to date are promising, several outstanding questions remain to be answered that warrant further preclinical investigation.
Source: Stem Cells
DOI: 10.1002/stem.3061
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $2,000
Funders: National Science Foundation, Vetenskapsrådet, National Institutes of Health, Office of the President, University of California, National Institute on Aging, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Awards: G1002244069, G1358432961, G156123175, G1888650583, G1915901823, G2039279625, G267068440, G2826625206, UC Davis Clinical and Translational Science Center, G3549828030, G5403008569, G6348851466, G6424443780, West Coast Metabolomics Center for Compound Identification, G7324940745, Multimodal Imaging in Frontotemporal Degeneration, G9000007450, G9000025022, G9000036510, G9000210163, G9000210956, G9000222575, Frontotemporal Dementia: Genes, Images, and Emotions, Institutional Career Development Core (KL2), G900591525
OpenAlex ID: W2965521594