Year: 2019
Type: review
Abstract: Decades of research in skeletal muscle physiology have provided multiscale insights into the structural and functional complexity of this important anatomical tissue, designed to accomplish the task of generating contraction, force and movement. Skeletal muscle can be viewed as a biomechanical device with various interacting components including the autonomic nerves for impulse transmission, vasculature for efficient oxygenation, and embedded regulatory and metabolic machinery for maintaining cellular homeostasis. The "omics" revolution has propelled a new era in muscle research, allowing us to discern minute details of molecular cross-talk required for effective coordination between the myriad interacting components for efficient muscle function. The objective of this review is to provide a systems-level, comprehensive mapping the molecular mechanisms underlying skeletal muscle structure and function, in health and disease. We begin this review with a focus on molecular mechanisms underlying muscle tissue development (myogenesis), with an emphasis on satellite cells and muscle regeneration. We next review the molecular structure and mechanisms underlying the many structural components of the muscle: neuromuscular junction, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, extracellular matrix, and vasculature surrounding muscle. We highlight aberrant molecular mechanisms and their possible clinical or pathophysiological relevance. We particularly emphasize the impact of environmental stressors (inflammation and oxidative stress) in contributing to muscle pathophysiology including atrophy, hypertrophy, and fibrosis. This article is categorized under: Physiology > Mammalian Physiology in Health and Disease Developmental Biology > Developmental Processes in Health and Disease Models of Systems Properties and Processes > Cellular Models.
DOI: 10.1002/wsbm.1462
Authors: Kavitha Mukund, Shankar Subramaniam
Institution: University of California San Diego
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,800
Funders: National Science Foundation, National Institutes of Health, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, U.S. National Library of Medicine, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
Awards: Theoretical Foundations and Software Infrastructure for Biological Network Databases, Nucleolin Regulation of miRome by Shear Stress, National Metabolomics Data Repository - nextgen Metabolomics Workbench, An Integrative Omics Approach to Identify Biomarkers Related to Preeclampsia and Breast Cancer Risks, Systems Biology Analyses for Hemodynamic Regulation of Vascular Homeostasis, Mapping Disease Pathways for Biliary Atresia, The second phase of NIH Common Fund 4D Nucleome Network Organizational Hub, System Biological Analyses of Innate and Adaptive Responses to Vaccination, Reconstruction and Modeling of Dynamical Molecular Networks, Emerging Frontiers of Science of Information, The Metabolomics Data Center and Workbench (MDCW)
OpenAlex ID: W2967714070