Use of organoids to study regenerative responses to intestinal damage
Year: 2019
Type: review
Abstract: Intestinal organoid cultures provide an in vitro model system for studying pathways and mechanisms involved in epithelial damage and repair. Derived from either embryonic or induced pluripotent stem cells or adult intestinal stem cells or tissues, these self-organizing, multicellular structures contain polarized mature cells that recapitulate both the physiology and heterogeneity of the intestinal epithelium. These cultures provide a cutting-edge technology for defining regenerative pathways that are induced following radiation or chemical damage, which directly target the cycling intestinal stem cell, or damage resulting from viral, bacterial, or parasitic infection of the epithelium. Novel signaling pathways or biological mechanisms identified from organoid studies that mediate regeneration of the epithelium following damage are likely to be important targets of preventive or therapeutic modalities to mitigate intestinal injury. The evolution of these cultures to include more components of the intestinal wall and the ability to genetically modify them are key components for defining the mechanisms that modulate epithelial regeneration.
Language: English
Subfield: Genetics
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: Limited Competition for the Continuation of the Intestinal Stem Cell Consortium Coordinating Center, Hopkins Digestive Diseases Basic & Translational Research Core Center, Mechanisms of intestinal stem cell differentiation and plasticity., Defining the intestinal stem cell niche during organoid development into a functional human intestine, Intestinal Niche in Homeostasis and Epithelial Regeneration, Translational Approaches to Develop Drug Therapy for Diarrhea, Intestinal Stem Cell Consortium Coordinating Center, Texas Medical Center Digestive Diseases Center, Human Biomimetics for Mucosal Infections
OpenAlex ID: W2979712161