Parsing Heterogeneity in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder with Individual Connectome Mapping
Year: 2019
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: Traditional diagnostic systems for mental illnesses define diagnostic categories that are heterogeneous in behavior and underlying neurobiological alterations. The goal of this study was to parse heterogeneity in a core executive function, cognitive flexibility, in children with a range of abilities (N=132; children with autism spectrum disorder [ASD], attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder [ADHD], and typically developing [TD] children) using directed functional connectivity profiles derived from resting-state fMRI data. Brain regions activated in response to a cognitive flexibility task in adults were used guide region-of-interest (ROI) selection to estimate individual connectivity profiles in this study. We expected to find at least three subgroups of children who differed in their network connectivity metrics and symptom measures. Unexpectedly, we did not find a stable or valid subgrouping solution, which suggests that categorical models of the neural substrates of cognitive flexibility in children may be invalid. Results shed light on the validity of conceptualizing the neural substrates of cognitive flexibility categorically in children. Ultimately, this work may provide a foundation for the development of a revised nosology focused on neurobiological substrates of mental illness as an alternative to traditional symptom-based classification systems.
Source: Brain Connectivity
Language: English
Subfield: Cognitive Neuroscience
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: Autism Speaks, University of Miami, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research, Johns Hopkins University, Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance, National Institutes of Health, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Center for Research Resources, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Awards: Institute for Clinical and Translational Research (UL1), Somatosensory Inhibitory Dysfunction in Autism Spectrum Disorder., Cognitive and Neural Flexibility in Autism, Network Connectivity Modeling of Heterogeneous Brain Data to Examine Ensembles of Activity Across Two Levels of Dimensionality, Adolescent Changes in Brain and Behavior in Boys and Girls with ADHD, G5577046437, 2/2 - Anomalous Motor System Physiology in ADHD: Biomarker Validation and Modeling Domains of Function, Visual-Motor Development in Infants at High Risk for Autism, Motor Skill Learning in Autism, G9000105478
OpenAlex ID: W2981606771