The MMPI factor scales and risk of death in men during 45 years of follow-up: The Western Electric study.
Year: 2019
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: We examined associations between personality traits measured in 1958 and both all-cause and cause-specific mortality assessed 45 years later in 2003. Participants were 1,862 middle-aged men employed by the Western Electric Company. Outcomes were days to death from all causes, coronary heart disease, stroke, cancer, and causes other than circulatory diseases, cancer, accidents/homicide/suicides, or injuries (other causes). Measures in 1958 included age, education, health behaviors, biomedical risk factors, and nine content factors identified in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI). Four content factors-neuroticism, cynicism, extraversion, and intellectual interests-were related to the five-factor model domains of neuroticism, agreeableness, extraversion, and openness, respectively. The remaining five-psychoticism, masculinity versus femininity, religious orthodoxy, somatic complaints, and inadequacy-corresponded to the five-factor model's facets and styles (combinations of two domains) or were unrelated to the five-factor model. In age-adjusted and fully adjusted models, cynicism was associated with greater all-cause and cancer mortality. In fully adjusted models, inadequacy was associated with lower all-cause mortality and lower mortality from other causes. In age-adjusted models, religious orthodoxy was associated with lower cancer mortality. Further analyses revealed that the association between cynicism and all-cause mortality waned over time. Exploratory analyses of death from any disease of the circulatory system revealed no further associations. These findings reveal the importance of cynicism (disagreeableness) as a mortality risk factor, show that associations between cynicism and all-cause mortality are limited to certain periods of the lifespan, and highlight the need to study personality styles or types, such as inadequacy, that involve high neuroticism, low extraversion, and low conscientiousness. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
Source: Psychology and Aging
DOI: 10.1037/pag0000421
Language: English
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Awards: Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, G2352317866, Genes, environmental stressors, and the biobehavioral pathways to CVD, Combining Exercise and Diet in Older Adults, G7725550200, Epidemiology of CV and Non-CV Risk in Chicago, CV RISK FACTORS AT AGE 25-64 &LONG-TERM MEDICARE COSTS
OpenAlex ID: W2984273412