Magneto-optical resonances in fluorescence from sodium D2 manifold
Year: 2019
Type: article
Abstract: We report on magneto-optical resonances observed in sodium fluorescence from D2 manifold with an intensity-modulated light. Fluorescence resonances are measured in the perpendicular (90°) and backward (180°) directions to the light propagation in laboratory experiments using a sodium cell containing neon buffer gas. Properties of these resonances are studied by varying the magnetic field at fixed-light modulation frequency, and vice-versa. Modulation with low-duty cycle shows higher-harmonic resonances of the modulation frequency and sub-harmonic resonances of the Larmor frequency. A dark resonance with maximum amplitude for laser wavelength closer to the crossover peak is observed. The origin of this dark resonance observed in Na D2 line is discussed using a theoretical model. Present study is aimed towards improving the understanding of magneto-optical resonances for remote magnetometry applications with mesospheric sodium.
Source: Optics Express
DOI: 10.1364/oe.382823
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,270
Awards: WE PROPOSE TO ESTABLISH A NASA-MIRO OPTICS FOR SPACE TECHNOLOGY&APPLIED RESEARCH CENTER (O STAR CENTER) AT DELAWARE STATE UNIVERSITY. O STAR WILL BE A SUSTAINABLE UNIT AND WILL SEEK TO ACHIEVE EXCELLENCE AND NATIONAL PROMINENCE BY PROVIDING A QUALITY HIGHER-EDUCATION PROGRAM AND A DISTINCTIVE RESEARCH PORTFOLIO IN THE NASA-RELEVANT FIELDS OF OPTICAL SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY(OST). FOR THE NEXT FIVE YEARS 0 STAR WILL (1) CONDUCT CUTTING-EDGE INNOVATIVE RESEARCH AND DISSEMINATE NEW KNOWLEDGE IN OST (2) PROVIDE COMPREHENSIVE EDUCATION AND TRAINING PROGRAMS IN OPTICS AND PHOTONICS TO TRADITIONALLY UNDERREPRESENTED STUDENTS AND(3) BUILD A ROBUST AND SUSTAINABLE CENTER WITH STATE-OF-THE-ART INFRASTRUCTURE AND SCIENTIFIC EXPERTISE TO BE CONTINUALLY ENGAGED IN THETECHNOLOGIES THAT SERVE SPACE EXPLORATION. THESE GOALS ARE WELL-ALIGNED WITH THOSE OF THE NASA-MIRO PROGRAM TO (1) EXPAND THENATIONS BASE FOR AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT BY FOSTERING NEW AEROSPACE RESEARCH AND CONCEPTS IN TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT;(2) DEVELOP MECHANISMS FOR INCREASED PARTICIPATION BY FACULTY AND STUDENTS AT MINORITY SERVING INSTITUTIONS (MSIS) IN THE RESEARCHPROGRAMS OF NASAS MISSION DIRECTORATES; AND (3) INCREASE THE NUMBER OF UNDERGRADUATE AND GRADUATE DEGREES AWARDED TO STUDENTSFROM MSIS IN NASA-RELATED FIELDS.THE RESEARCH FOCUS OF O STAR CENTER WILL BE CENTERED ON TWO PRIMARY NASA MISSION DIRECTORATES: SPACE TECHNOLOGY MISSIONDU'ECTORATE (STMD) AND THE SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE (SMD). O STAR CENTERS RESEARCH IS FOCUSED ON FOUR RESEARCH TOPICS: (1)LASER INDUCED BREAKDOWN SPECTROSCOPY (LIBS) INVESTIGATIONS FOR PLANETARY EXPLORATION AND FOR THE DETECTION OF BIO-MACROMOLECULESIN COMPLEX ENVIRONMENTS (2) HIGH-RESOLUTION SODIUM-LIDAR ALTIMETI-Y AND SPECTROSCOPY FOR MLT SCIENCE STUDIES (3) SENSORS ANDIMAGING SYSTEMS (SIS) FOR ULTRA-SENSITIVE DETECTION OF CHEMICALS AND NANO-PARTICLES IN PLANETARY ENVIRONMENTS AND (4) DESIGN ANDFABRICATION OF PYROELECTRIC DETECTORS WITH NANOMETER SIZE STUDS. THESE RESEARCH PROJECTS WILL CONTRIBUTE TO FUTURE NASA MISSIONS BYDEVELOPING AND MATURING CUTTING EDGE TECHNOLOGIES AND INSTRUMENTS.THE O STAR CENTER WILL COLLABORATE WITH GODDARD SPACE FLIGHT CENTER (GSFC) LOS ALAMOS NATIONAL LABORATORY (LANL) UNIVERSITYOF DELAWARE MUHLENBERG COLLEGE DELAWARE TECHNICAL AND COMMUNITY COLLEGE DELAWARE AEROSPACE EDUCATION FOUNDATION AND LOCALSCHOOL DISTRICTS OF DELAWARE ON VARIOUS PROJECTS EDUCATIONAL AND OUTREACH ACTIVITIES BUILDING STRONG RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN THE TODAYSSCIENTISTS AND TECHNOLOGISTS AND THE STUDENTS WHO WILL JOIN THEM IN THE FUTURE. THUS WE EXPECT TO ENHANCE THE MUCH NEEDED DIVERSITYOF THE WORKFORCE IN OPTICAL SCIENCES BY BROADENING PARTICIPATION OF UNDERREPRESENTED GROUPS IN RESEARCH AND EDUCATION FROM K-12 UNDERGRADUATE GRADUATE STUDENTS POST-DOCTORAL RESEARCHERS AND FACULTY LEVEL., ALTHOUGH TECHNOLOGY FOR IN SITU MEASUREMENT OF GEOMAGNETIC FIELD OR PLANETARY MAGNETIC FIELD HAS BEEN WELL DEVELOPED AND WIDELY USED IN NASA MISSIONS TECHNOLOGY FOR REMOTE FIELD MEASUREMENT HAS NOT BEEN REALIZED SO FAR. THE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH DESCRIBED IN THIS PROPOSAL FOCUSES ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW LASER BASED REMOTE MAGNETOMETER (LRM) WHICH WILL ENABLE REMOTE MEASUREMENT OF EARTH S MAGNETIC FIELD AT MESOSPHERIC ALTITUDE (>90 KM ABOVE THE EARTH S SURFACE) WITH HIGH SENSITIVITY. THE PROPOSED TECHNOLOGY CAN BE SCALED TO DEVELOP AN OPTIMAL LOW-COST GLOBAL MAGNETIC SENSOR ARRAY FOR LARGE-AREA MAPPING OF THE MAGNETIC FIELD. WE PROPOSE TO DESIGN THE LRM PROTOTYPE BY INTEGRATING VARIOUS COMPONENTS SUCH AS LASER SOURCE MODULATOR PHOTON DETECTOR OPTICS AND ELECTRONICS ONTO A SINGLE PLATFORM. TO REALIZE A COMPACT DESIGN OF THE LRM PROTOTYPE WE PLAN TO EXPLORE A NEW RAMAN FIBER LASER (RFL) TECHNOLOGY. WE WILL ALSO DEVELOP A RELATIVELY INEXPENSIVE COMPACT AMPLIFIED-DFB LASER SOURCE TO OVERCOME ANY UNANTICIPATED POLARIZATION OR LINEWIDTH RELATED PROBLEM WITH RFL TECHNOLOGY. OUR ULTIMATE GOAL IN THIS EFFORT WILL BE TO ENGINEER THE LRM PROTOTYPE TO DEMONSTRATE HIGH SENSITIVITY (~10-20 NT/VHZ) IN REMOTE MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENT BY LEVERAGING ADVANTAGES OF ITS COMPONENTS. WE WILL CONDUCT LAB EXPERIMENTS WITH LRM TO MEASURE MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN THE RETURN SIGNAL FROM A SODIUM VAPOR CELL. THESE EXPERIMENTS WILL BE DESIGNED TO ANALYZE THE PERFORMANCE OF LRM UNDER SIMULATED MESOSPHERIC CONDITIONS. WE WILL CONDUCT EXPERIMENTS WITH BUFFER GAS FILLED SODIUM CELL TO MEASURE VARIOUS CHARACTERISTICS OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE AS FUNCTIONS OF SODIUM DENSITY (OR CELL TEMPERATURE) LASER POLARIZATION LASER POWER AND MAGNETIC FIELD INTENSITY AND ORIENTATION. THIS WILL HELP US IN DETERMINING OPTIMAL CONDITIONS FOR ACHIEVING HIGHEST SENSITIVITY FOR LRM AND ESTABLISHING SCALING RULES FOR SENSITIVITY ENHANCEMENT. WE WILL DEVELOP A THEORETICAL MODEL FOR LRM USING A COMPREHENSIVE ATOMIC DENSITY-MATRIX BASED CALCULATION. RESULTS OBTAINED FROM THIS MODEL WILL BE COMPARED TO VALIDATE WITH OUR EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS. WE WILL CARRY OUT FIELD-TEST AND TECHNOLOGY DEMONSTRATIONS OF LRM BY LAUNCHING THE LASER BEAM INTO MESOSPHERE FROM THE NASA GSFC OPTICAL SITE. EFFECTS OF VELOCITY-DIFFUSION AND SPIN RELAXATION OF MESOSPHERIC SODIUM ATOMS ON MAGNETIC RESONANCE WILL BE THOROUGHLY INVESTIGATED. WE WILL COLLECT SCIENCE DATA USING LRM TO INFER STRENGTH AND VARIATION OF THE GEOMAGNETIC FIELD IN THE MESOSPHERE. OUR PRIMARY GOAL IN THIS STUDY WILL BE TO DEMONSTRATE REMOTE MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENT WITH LRM AND ASSESS ITS TECHNOLOGY-READINESS LEVEL (TRL) FOR POTENTIAL FUTURE MISSION DEVELOPMENT. THE PROPOSED RESEARCH WILL CREATE A UNIQUE TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCEMENT CAPABILITY FOR REMOTE MAGNETIC FIELD MEASUREMENT WHICH IS OF SIGNIFICANT RELEVANCE TO NASA SCIENCE MISSION DIRECTORATE (SMD) AND SCIENCE TECHNOLOGY MISSION DIRECTORATE (STMD). DSU SCIENCE TEAM OF THIS PROJECT WILL COLLABORATE WITH THREE PROMINENT NASA GSFC SCIENTISTS WHO ARE EXPERTS INVOLVED IN MANY TECHNOLOGY MISSIONS AT NASA. THE SC-I WILL BE ABLE TO EXPAND HER TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT RESEARCH IN REMOTE SENSING THEREBY ENHANCING THE STATE S RESEARCH CAPACITY IN NASA RELATED TECHNOLOGY AREAS. THE SC-I WILL CREATE A HOST OF EDUCATION AND RESEARCH OPPORTUNITIES FOR PREVALENTLY UNDERREPRESENTED MINORITY AND WOMEN STUDENTS AT DSU. STUDENTS INVOLVED IN THE PROJECT WILL ACQUIRE SPECIAL SKILLS IN MAGNETOMETER DESIGN DEVELOPMENT AND TESTING EXPERIMENTS. THE STUDENTS WILL HAVE OPPORTUNITIES TO GAIN HANDS-ON KNOWLEDGE ON ALL ASPECTS OF THE PROPOSED RESEARCH AND INTERACT WITH NASA SCIENTISTS VIA MEETINGS DISCUSSIONS AND INTERNSHIP OPPORTUNITIES AT NASA GSFC. THE SC-I WILL ALSO CONDUCT OUTREACH ACTIVITIES IN LOCAL HIGH SCHOOLS AND MIDDLE SCHOOLS IN DELAWARE ENCOURAGING THEM FOR ACTIVE PARTICIPATION IN NASA RELATED RESEARCH AND STEM EDUCATION.
OpenAlex ID: W2996078512