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A living income for smallholder commodity farmers and protected forests and biodiversity: how can the private and public sectors contribute? : White Paper on sustainable commodity production

Year: 2019

Type: report

Abstract: Interventions and policies in the cocoa, tea and coffee sectors have failed to ensure that all smallholder commodity farmers earn more than the $1.90 World Bank poverty line or a living income, and they have not halted deforestation. Commodity farming is strongly associated with deforestation, in spite of interventions. For more than 50% of the cocoa and tea farmers in our datasets, household income would need to double in order for them to earn a living income. For those farmers, farming will never be a primary pathway out of poverty.

Source: Socio-Environmental Systems Modeling

Authors: Waarts, Y.R., Janssen, Valerie, Ingram, V.J., Slingerland, M.A., van Rijn, F.C., Beekman, G., Dengerink, Just, van Vliet, J.A., Arets, E.J.M.M., Sassen, M., Guijt, W.J., van Vugt, S.M.

Institution: Wageningen University & Research

Language: English

Topic: Conservation, Biodiversity, and Resource Management

Subfield: Global and Planetary Change

Field: Environmental Science

Domain: Physical Sciences

SDGs: No poverty, Life on land, Zero hunger, Decent work and economic growth

Open Access status: green

Funder: Wageningen University and Research

OpenAlex ID: W2996423530

Cites: 5

Cited by: 6

Related to: 10