Year: 2019
Type: article
Abstract: Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), also known as dissociative seizures, are paroxysms of altered subjective experience, involuntary movements and reduced self-control that can resemble epileptic seizures, but have distinct clinical characteristics and a complex neuropsychiatric aetiology. They are common, accounting for over 10% of seizure emergencies and around 30% of cases in tertiary epilepsy units, but the diagnosis is often missed or delayed. The recently proposed "integrative cognitive model" accommodates current research on experiential, psychological and biological risk factors for the development of PNES, but in view of the considerable heterogeneity of presentations and medical context, it is not certain that a universal model can capture the full range of PNES manifestations. This narrative review addresses key learning objectives of the ILAE curriculum by describing the demographic profile, common risk factors (such as trauma or acute stress) and comorbid disorders (such as other dissociative and functional disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, depressive and anxiety disorders, personality disorders, comorbid epilepsy, head injury, cognitive and sleep problems, migraine, pain, and asthma). The clinical implications of demographic and aetiological factors for diagnosis and treatment planning are addressed.
Source: Epileptic Disorders
Authors: Stoyan Popkirov, Ali A. Asadi‐Pooya, Roderick Duncan, David Gigineishvili, Coraline Hingray, Andres Miguel Kanner, W. Curt LaFrance, Chrisma Pretorius, Markus Reuber, on behalf of the ILAE PNES Task Force
Institutions: Universitätsklinikum Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bochum, Ruhr University Bochum, Thomas Jefferson University, Shiraz University, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, University of Otago, Tbilisi State University, Centre Hospitalier Régional et Universitaire de Nancy, University of Miami, Brown University, Rhode Island Hospital, Stellenbosch University, Royal Hallamshire Hospital, University of Sheffield
Language: English
Subfield: Psychiatry and Mental health
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $2,430
Funders: U.S. Department of Defense, Epilepsy Foundation, Brown University, Emory University, Cleveland Clinic, LivaNova, University of Cambridge, University of Oxford, Eisai, Epilepsy Society, National Institutes of Health, University of Colorado Denver, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, UCB Pharma
OpenAlex ID: W2998406338