Clofarabine, cytarabine, and mitoxantrone in refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia: High response rates and effective bridge to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation
Year: 2020
Type: article
Study design: Clinical Trial
Abstract: Clofarabine is active in refractory/relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (AML). In this phase 2 study, we treated 18‐ to 65‐year‐old AML patients refractory to first‐line 3 + 7 daunorubicin/cytarabine induction or relapsing after 3 + 7 induction and high‐dose cytarabine consolidation, with clofarabine (30 mg/m2/d, Days 1‐5), cytarabine (750 mg/m2/d, Days 1‐5), and mitoxantrone (12 mg/m2/d, Days 3‐5) (CLAM). Patients achieving remission received up to two consolidation cycles of 50% CLAM, with eligible cases bridged to allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo‐HSCT). The mutational profile of a 69‐gene panel was evaluated. Twenty‐six men and 26 women at a median age of 46 (22‐65) years were treated. The overall response rate after the first cycle of CLAM was 90.4% (complete remission, CR: 69.2%; CR with incomplete hematologic recovery, CRi: 21.2%). Twenty‐two CR/CRi patients underwent allo‐HSCT. The 2‐year overall survival (OS), relapse‐free survival (RFS), and event‐free survival (EFS) were 65.8%, 45.7%, and 40.2%, respectively. Multivariate analyses showed that superior OS was associated with CR after CLAM (P = .005) and allo‐HSCT (P = .005), and superior RFS and EFS were associated with allo‐HSCT (P < .001). Remarkably, CR after CLAM and allo‐HSCT resulted in 2‐year OS of 84.3% and 90%, respectively. Karyotypic aberrations and genetic mutations did not influence responses or survivals. Grade 3/4 neutropenia/thrombocytopenia and grade 3 febrile neutropenia occurred in all cases. Other nonhematologic toxicities were mild and uncommon. There was no treatment‐related mortality and the performance of allo‐HSCT was not compromised. Clofarabine, cytarabine, and mitoxantrone was highly effective and safe in refractory/relapsed AML. This study was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov ( NCT02686593 ).
Source: Cancer Medicine
DOI: 10.1002/cam4.2865
Authors: Harinder Gill, Rita Yim, Herbert H. Pang, Paul Lee, Thomas S. Y. Chan, Yu‐Yan Hwang, Garret M. K. Leung, Ho‐Wan Ip, Rock Y. Y. Leung, Sze‐Fai Yip, Bonnie Kho, Harold K. K. Lee, Vivien Mak, Chi‐Chung Chan, June S. M. Lau, Chi‐Kuen Lau, Shek‐Yin Lin, Raymond S. M. Wong, Wa Li, Edmond S. K. Ma, Jun Li, Gianni Panagiotou, Joycelyn P. Y. Sim, Albert K. W. Lie, Yok‐Lam Kwong
Institutions: University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Tuen Mun Hospital, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Princess Margaret Hospital, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Tseung Kwan O Hospital, United Christian Hospital, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong Sanatorium and Hospital, City University of Hong Kong, Leibniz-Institut für Naturstoff-Forschung und Infektionsbiologie e. V. - Hans-Knöll-Institut (HKI)
Language: English
Subfield: Hematology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,750
OpenAlex ID: W3010820032