Childhood socioeconomic status, comorbidity of chronic kidney disease risk factors, and kidney function among adults in the midlife in the United States (MIDUS) study
Year: 2020
Type: article
Abstract: Background There is a lack of empirical effort that systematically investigates the clustering of comorbidity among known risk factors (obesity, hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated inflammation) of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and how different types of comorbidity may link differently to kidney function among healthy adult samples. This study modeled the clustering of comorbidity among risk factors, examined the association between the clustering of risk factors and kidney function, and tested whether the clustering of risk factors was associated with childhood SES. Methods The data were from 2118 participants (ages 25–84) in the Midlife in the United States (MIDUS) Study. Risk factors included obesity, elevated blood pressure (BP), high total cholesterol levels, poor glucose control, and increased inflammatory activity. Glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was estimated from serum creatinine, calculated with the CKD-EPI formula. The clustering of comorbidity among risk factors and its association with kidney function and childhood SES were examined using latent class analysis (LCA). Results A five-class model was optimal: (1) Low Risk (class size = 36.40%; low probability of all risk factors), (2) Obese (16.42%; high probability of large BMI and abdominally obese), (3) Obese and Elevated BP (13.37%; high probability of being obese and having elevated BP), (4) Non-Obese but Elevated BP (14.95%; high probability of having elevated BP, hypercholesterolemia, and elevated inflammation), and (5) High Risk (18.86%; high probability for all risk factors). Obesity was associated with kidney hyperfiltration, while comorbidity between obesity and hypertension was linked to compromised kidney filtration. As expected, the High Risk class showed the highest probability of having eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m 2 ( P = .12; 95% CI = .09–.17). Finally, higher childhood SES was associated with reduced probability of being in the High Risk rather than Low Risk class (β = − 0.20, SE = 0.07, OR [95% CI ] = 0.82 [0.71–0.95]). Conclusion These results highlight the importance of considering the impact of childhood SES on risk factors known to be associated with CKD.
Source: BMC Nephrology
Language: English
Subfield: Nephrology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,290
Funders: John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation, Pennsylvania State University, Georgia Clinical and Translational Science Alliance, National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, National Institute on Drug Abuse, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Center for Research Resources, National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences
Awards: G1576582908, Center for Complex Data to Knowledge in Drug Abuse and HIV Behavioral Science, Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science (GHUCCTS), G2008237588, G232157529, G420700271, G4269562986, Institutional Clinical and Translational Science Award (UW-Madison)(UL1), G4485944526, Longitudinal Perspectives on Race and Health in MIDUS: Insights from Milwaukee, Social Network Interventions to Reduce Race Disparities in Living Kidney Donation, G7081939993, G74377694, G790184948, Integrative Pathways to Health and Illness, G8722151542, G9000304719, University of Wisconsin Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Psychosocial Determinants and Biological Pathways to Healthy Aging (Pathways), Integrative Pathways to Health and Illness, UCLA Clinical and Translational Science Institute
OpenAlex ID: W3028583445