Year: 2020
Type: article
Study design: Observational Study
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Electronic noses (eNoses) are emerging point-of-care tools that may help in the subphenotyping of chronic respiratory diseases such as asthma. OBJECTIVE: We aimed to investigate whether eNoses can classify atopy in pediatric and adult patients with asthma. METHODS: Participants with asthma and/or wheezing from 4 independent cohorts were included; BreathCloud participants (n = 429), Unbiased Biomarkers in Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes adults (n = 96), Unbiased Biomarkers in Prediction of Respiratory Disease Outcomes pediatric participants (n = 100), and Pharmacogenetics of Asthma Medication in Children: Medication with Anti-Inflammatory Effects 2 participants (n = 30). Atopy was defined as a positive skin prick test result (≥3 mm) and/or a positive specific IgE level (≥0.35 kU/L) for common allergens. Exhaled breath profiles were measured by using either an integrated eNose platform or the SpiroNose. Data were divided into 2 training and 2 validation sets according to the technology used. Supervised data analysis involved the use of 3 different machine learning algorithms to classify patients with atopic versus nonatopic asthma with reporting of areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves as a measure of model performance. In addition, an unsupervised approach was performed by using a bayesian network to reveal data-driven relationships between eNose volatile organic compound profiles and asthma characteristics. RESULTS: Breath profiles of 655 participants (n = 601 adults and school-aged children with asthma and 54 preschool children with wheezing [68.2% of whom were atopic]) were included in this study. Machine learning models utilizing volatile organic compound profiles discriminated between atopic and nonatopic participants with areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of at least 0.84 and 0.72 in the training and validation sets, respectively. The unsupervised approach revealed that breath profiles classifying atopy are not confounded by other patient characteristics. CONCLUSION: eNoses accurately detect atopy in individuals with asthma and wheezing in cohorts with different age groups and could be used in asthma phenotyping.
Authors: Mahmoud I. Abdel-Aziz, Paul Brinkman, Susanne J.H. Vijverberg, Anne H. Neerincx, Rianne de Vries, Yennece W.F. Dagelet, John H. Riley, Simone Hashimoto, Paolo Montuschi, Kian Fan Chung, Ratko Djukanovic, Louise J. Fleming, Clare S. Murray, Urs Frey, Andrew Bush, Florian Singer, Gunilla Hedlin, Graham Roberts, Sven-Erik Dahlén, Ian M. Adcock, Stephen J. Fowler, Karen Knipping, Peter J. Sterk, Aletta D. Kraneveld, Anke H. Maitland-van der Zee
Institutions: Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Assiut University, Utrecht University, GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom), Emma Kinderziekenhuis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Agostino Gemelli University Polyclinic, Imperial College London, NIHR Southampton Respiratory Biomedical Research Unit, University of Southampton, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, NIHR Manchester Biomedical Research Centre, University of Basel, University Children’s Hospital Basel, University of Bern, University Children’s Hospital Bern, Karolinska University Hospital, Karolinska Institutet, Nutricia Research (Netherlands), Danone Nutricia Research (Netherlands)
Language: English
Subfield: Biomedical Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $3,550
Funder: Seventh Framework Programme
Award: G63770550
OpenAlex ID: W3035452519