Year: 2011
Type: article
Abstract: During last two decades it has been discovered that the statistical properties of a number of microscopically rather different random systems at the macroscopic level are described by {\it the same} universal probability distribution function which is called the Tracy-Widom (TW) distribution. Among these systems we find both purely methematical problems, such as the longest increasing subsequences in random permutations, and quite physical ones, such as directed polymers in random media or polynuclear crystal growth. In the extensive Introduction we discuss in simple terms these various random systems and explain what the universal TW function is. Next, concentrating on the example of one-dimensional directed polymers in random potential we give the main lines of the formal proof that fluctuations of their free energy are described the universal TW distribution. The second part of the review consist of detailed appendices which provide necessary self-contained mathematical background for the first part.
Source: Physics-Uspekhi
Author: Viktor S Dotsenko
Language: English
Subfield: Statistics and Probability
Field: Mathematics
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W3037078657