Year: 2020
Type: review
Abstract: Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a type of cancer cell death triggered by certain chemotherapeutic drugs, oncolytic viruses, physicochemical therapies, photodynamic therapy, and radiotherapy. It involves the activation of the immune system against cancer in immunocompetent hosts. ICD comprises the release of damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) from dying tumor cells that result in the activation of tumor-specific immune responses, thus eliciting long-term efficacy of anticancer drugs by combining direct cancer cell killing and antitumor immunity. Remarkably, subcutaneous injection of dying tumor cells undergoing ICD has been shown to provoke anticancer vaccine effects in vivo. DAMPs include the cell surface exposure of calreticulin (CRT) and heat-shock proteins (HSP70 and HSP90), extracellular release of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), high-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1), type I IFNs and members of the IL-1 cytokine family. In this review, we discuss the cell death modalities connected to ICD, the DAMPs exposed during ICD, and the mechanism by which they activate the immune system. Finally, we discuss the therapeutic potential and challenges of harnessing ICD in cancer immunotherapy.
Source: Molecular Oncology
Authors: Asma Ahmed, Stephen W.G. Tait
Institutions: Cancer Research UK Scotland Institute, University of Glasgow
Language: English
Subfield: Immunology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,600
Funders: Cancer Research UK, Prostate Cancer UK
Awards: G1917324186, G222903001, G298866677
OpenAlex ID: W3104958039