Evolution and Diversity of Immune Responses during Acute HIV Infection
Year: 2020
Type: review
Abstract: Understanding the earliest immune responses following HIV infection is critical to inform future vaccines and therapeutics. Here, we review recent prospective human studies in at-risk populations that have provided insight into immune responses during acute infection, including additional relevant data from non-human primate (NHP) studies. We discuss the timing, nature, and function of the diverse immune responses induced, the onset of immune dysfunction, and the effects of early anti-retroviral therapy administration. Treatment at onset of viremia mitigates peripheral T and B cell dysfunction, limits seroconversion, and enhances cellular antiviral immunity despite persistence of infection in lymphoid tissues. We highlight pertinent areas for future investigation, and how application of high-throughput technologies, alongside targeted NHP studies, may elucidate immune response features to target in novel preventions and cures.
Source: Immunity
Language: English
Topic: HIV Research and Treatment
Subfield: Virology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $4,816
Awards: G1623686763, T cells in HCV/HIV co-infection, Understanding and Reversing T Cell Dysfunction to Control and Eliminate Persistent HIV Reservoirs, G3417589468, G35519509, G3593390371, Pathogenesis of Clade C HIV Infection, G6125951699, Center for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Immunology and Immunogen Discovery, Identification of the HIV Reservoir in Lymph Nodes Using Single Cell RNA-Seq, An integrated multiplexed genomic assay for low input clinical samples1, A systems biology approach to fingerprint HIV immune defense in Elite Controllers, Consortium for HIV/AIDS Vaccine Development
OpenAlex ID: W3105956431