Work

The Biosynthesis of Enzymatically Oxidized Lipids

Year: 2020

Type: article

Abstract: Enzymatically oxidized lipids are a specific group of biomolecules that function as key signaling mediators and hormones, regulating various cellular and physiological processes from metabolism and cell death to inflammation and the immune response. They are broadly categorized as either polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) containing (free acid oxygenated PUFA "oxylipins", endocannabinoids, oxidized phospholipids) or cholesterol derivatives (oxysterols, steroid hormones, and bile acids). Their biosynthesis is accomplished by families of enzymes that include lipoxygenases (LOX), cyclooxygenases (COX), cytochrome P450s (CYP), and aldo-keto reductases (AKR). In contrast, non-enzymatically oxidized lipids are produced by uncontrolled oxidation and are broadly considered to be harmful. Here, we provide an overview of the biochemistry and enzymology of LOXs, COXs, CYPs, and AKRs in humans. Next, we present biosynthetic pathways for oxylipins, oxidized phospholipids, oxysterols, bile acids and steroid hormones. Last, we address gaps in knowledge and suggest directions for future work.

Source: Frontiers in Endocrinology

DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.591819

Authors: Ali A. Hajeyah, William J. Griffiths, Yuqin Wang, Andrew J. Finch, Valerie B. O’Donnell

Institutions: Cardiff University, Swansea University, Queen Mary University of London, Barts Cancer Institute

Language: English

Topic: Eicosanoids and Hypertension Pharmacology

Subfield: Biochemistry

Field: Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology

Domain: Life Sciences

Open Access status: gold

Estimated APC paid: $2,950