Year: 2020
Type: review
Abstract: Several behaviors, including compulsive gambling, have been considered non-substance-related addictive disorders. Categorical mental disorders (e.g., DSM-5) are usually accompanied by very different symptomatic expressions (affective, behavioral, cognitive, substance abuse, personality traits). When these mental disorders occur with addictive disorders, either concomitantly or sequentially over the life span, this clinical condition is called a dual disorder. Gambling disorder (GD) has been associated with other categorical psychiatric diagnoses: attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, depression, bipolar disorder, social anxiety, schizophrenia, substance use disorder, antisocial personality disorder; and dimensional symptoms including higher impulsivity, poorer emotional wellbeing, cognitive distortion, psychosis, deficient self-regulation, suicide, poorer family environment, and greater mental distress. We are calling this clinical condition Gambling Dual Disorder. From a clinical perspective, it is clear that Gambling Dual Disorder is not the exception but rather the expectation, and this holds true not just for GD, but also for other mental disorders including other addictions. Mental disorders are viewed as biological disorders that involve brain circuits that implicate specific domains of cognition, emotion, and behavior. This narrative review presents the state of the art with respect to GD in order to address current matters from a dual disorder, precision psychiatry, and clinical neuroscience perspective, rather than the more subjective approach of symptomatology and clinical presentation. This review also presents Gambling Dual Disorder as a brain and neurodevelopmental disorder, including from the perspectives of evolutionary psychiatry, genetics, impulsivity as an endophenotype, the self-medication hypothesis, and sexual biological differences. The wide vision of the disease advances a paradigm shift, highlighting how GD and dual disorders should be conceptualized, diagnosed, and treated. Rethinking GD as part of a dual disorder is crucial for its appropriate conceptualization from the perspective of clinical neuroscience and precision psychiatry.
Source: Frontiers in Psychiatry
Language: English
Subfield: Clinical Psychology
Field: Psychology
Domain: Social Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,950
Funders: Fundación Mutua Madrileña, Fundación Alicia Koplowitz, European Commission, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental, Innovative Medicines Initiative, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, European Regional Development Fund, FP7 Health
Awards: G1033681661, G1075404386, Evaluación de la eficacia de una intervención preventiva sobre la prevalencia de bullying y el estado de salud en niños y adolescentes: Ensayo clínico aleatorizado por clusters, G1297764492, G1743590445, G1886919625, G2017605187, G2166927188, G2628364946, G3421866168, G3449207296, G3764841371, G3858309480, G3920792168, G4637685055, Translating neuroimaging findings from research into clinical practice, G4827590587, G4937468798, G5031224452, G5517320352, G5659272630, G5983053349, G6081615879, G6117018885, G6446975009, Autism Innovative Medicine Studies – 2 – Trials, G7336256237, Neuroimaging platform for characterisation of metabolic co-morbidities in psychotic disorders, European Network of National Schizophrenia Networks Studying Gene-Environment Interactions, Psychiatric Ratings using Intermediate Stratified Markers - Sofia ref.: 115916, G8351277590, G8384605376, G85705433, G8824911526, G8950770007
OpenAlex ID: W3109792940