Microglia and Central Nervous System–Associated Macrophages—From Origin to Disease Modulation
Year: 2021
Type: review
Abstract: The immune system of the central nervous system (CNS) consists primarily of innate immune cells. These are highly specialized macrophages found either in the parenchyma, called microglia, or at the CNS interfaces, such as leptomeningeal, perivascular, and choroid plexus macrophages. While they were primarily thought of as phagocytes, their function extends well beyond simple removal of cell debris during development and diseases. Brain-resident innate immune cells were found to be plastic, long-lived, and host to an outstanding number of risk genes for multiple pathologies. As a result, they are now considered the most suitable targets for modulating CNS diseases. Additionally, recent single-cell technologies enhanced our molecular understanding of their origins, fates, interactomes, and functional cell statesduring health and perturbation. Here, we review the current state of our understanding and challenges of the myeloid cell biology in the CNS and treatment options for related diseases.
Source: Annual Review of Immunology
Language: English
Subfield: Neurology
Field: Neuroscience
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: AHR-mediated immunosuppression in glioblastoma, Establishment of a research platform for studying CNS macrophages, The role of the IFNAR1/AhR signaling axis in astrocyte regulation and remediation of multiple sclerosis pathogenesis, Control of Local CNS Inflammation, Regulation of CNS Autoimmunity, Molecular Control of Astrocytes in CNS Inflammation, Molecular Control of Astrocytes in CNS Inflammation
OpenAlex ID: W3127341444