Vegetable intake and the risk of bladder cancer in the BLadder Cancer Epidemiology and Nutritional Determinants (BLEND) international study
Year: 2021
Type: article
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Although a potential inverse association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk has been reported, epidemiological evidence is inconsistent. This research aimed to elucidate the association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk by conducting a pooled analysis of data from prospective cohort studies. METHODS: Vegetable intake in relation to bladder cancer risk was examined by pooling individual-level data from 13 cohort studies, comprising 3203 cases among a total of 555,685 participants. Pooled multivariate hazard ratios (HRs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were estimated using Cox proportional hazards regression models stratified by cohort for intakes of total vegetable, vegetable subtypes (i.e. non-starchy, starchy, green leafy and cruciferous vegetables) and individual vegetable types. In addition, a diet diversity score was used to assess the association of the varied types of vegetable intake on bladder cancer risk. RESULTS: The association between vegetable intake and bladder cancer risk differed by sex (P-interaction = 0.011) and smoking status (P-interaction = 0.038); therefore, analyses were stratified by sex and smoking status. With adjustment of age, sex, smoking, energy intake, ethnicity and other potential dietary factors, we found that higher intake of total and non-starchy vegetables were inversely associated with the risk of bladder cancer among women (comparing the highest with lowest intake tertile: HR = 0.79, 95% CI = 0.64-0.98, P = 0.037 for trend, HR per 1 SD increment = 0.89, 95% CI = 0.81-0.99; HR = 0.78, 95% CI = 0.63-0.97, P = 0.034 for trend, HR per 1 SD increment = 0.88, 95% CI = 0.79-0.98, respectively). However, no evidence of association was observed among men, and the intake of vegetable was not found to be associated with bladder cancer when stratified by smoking status. Moreover, we found no evidence of association for diet diversity with bladder cancer risk. CONCLUSION: Higher intakes of total and non-starchy vegetable are associated with reduced risk of bladder cancer for women. Further studies are needed to clarify whether these results reflect causal processes and potential underlying mechanisms.
Source: BMC Medicine
Authors: Evan Yi-Wen Yu, Anke Wesselius, Siamak Mehrkanoon, Mieke Goosens, Maree Brinkman, Piet van den Brandt, Eric J. Grant, Emily White, Elisabete Weiderpass, Florence Le Calvez-Kelm, Marc J. Gunter, Inge Huybrechts, Elio Riboli, Anne Tjonneland, Giovanna Masala, Graham G. Giles, Roger L. Milne, Maurice P. Zeegers
Institutions: Maastricht University, Care and Public Health Research Institute, KU Leuven, Cancer Council Victoria, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Fred Hutch Cancer Center, Centre international de recherche sur le cancer, Imperial College London, University of Copenhagen, Danish Cancer Society, The University of Melbourne, Monash Health, Monash University, University of Birmingham
Language: English
Topic: Nutritional Studies and Diet
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $3,580
Funders: U.S. Department of Energy, World Health Organization, Wellcome Trust, World Cancer Research Fund International, Cancer Research UK, British Heart Foundation, European Commission, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Bundesministerium für Bildung und Forschung, Cancerfonden, Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare, Ligue Contre le Cancer, KWF Kankerbestrijding, Norges Forskningsråd, Deutsche Krebshilfe, Institut Gustave-Roussy, Medical Research Council, World Cancer Research Fund, National Health and Medical Research Council, Cancer Council Victoria, National Cancer Institute, FP7 People: Marie-Curie Actions
Awards: TO INITIATE A NEW COOPERATIVE AGREEMENT WITH THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCE(NAS). NAS WILL SUPPORT THE LONG-TERM FOLLOW-UP OF THE HEALTH OF ATOMIC B, G1266612289, G1373115121, G1596968099, G1913926447, G1985204616, G2130387517, G2429951853, Health 2020, G2629953696, G3098310529, G3117572991, G3185682708, G3535040709, G3575964969, G3614039451, G3634973412, G3729156826, G4042319840, G422445311, Nutrition and Bladder Cancer, G5272917877, G5400679422, G602992300, G6099004870, G6177794165, G6191607766, G6631754812, Epidemiology of Chronic Disease, Health Interventions and DNA Studies, G674394642, G7180840450, G7187368266, G7199237069, Precision Public Health for major cancers - novel approaches to building the genetic, epigenetic and lifestyle knowledge base for assessing risk and prognosis, G734127494, G750896624, G7586037790, G7730201318, G7885991059, G8123808567, Targeting the allosteric control of alarmone synthetases to tackle bacteria persistence, G8477006775, G8651849717, G8718893896, G8797697851, G8919560141, G8954187506, G8960002408, G8963950986
OpenAlex ID: W3133942898