Year: 2021
Type: article
Abstract: Despite studies implicating adipose tissue T cells (ATT) in the initiation and persistence of adipose tissue inflammation, fundamental gaps in knowledge regarding ATT function impedes progress toward understanding how obesity influences adaptive immunity. We hypothesized that ATT activation and function would have tissue-resident-specific properties and that obesity would potentiate their inflammatory properties. We assessed ATT activation and inflammatory potential within mouse and human stromal vascular fraction (SVF). Surprisingly, murine and human ATTs from obese visceral white adipose tissue exhibited impaired inflammatory characteristics upon stimulation. Both environmental and cell-intrinsic factors are implicated in ATT dysfunction. Soluble factors from obese SVF inhibit ATT activation. Additionally, chronic signaling from macrophage major histocompatibility complex II (MHCII) is necessary for ATT impairment in obese adipose tissue but is independent of increased PD1 expression. To assess intracellular signaling mechanisms responsible for ATT inflammation impairments, single-cell RNA sequencing of ATTs was performed. ATTs in obese adipose tissue exhibit enrichment of genes characteristic of T cell exhaustion and increased expression of coinhibitory receptor Btla. In sum, this work suggests that obesity-induced ATTs have functional characteristics and gene expression resembling T cell exhaustion induced by local soluble factors and cell-to-cell interactions in adipose tissue.
Source: JCI Insight
Language: English
Subfield: Epidemiology
Field: Medicine
Domain: Health Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,100
Funders: U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, University of Michigan, National Institutes of Health, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases
Awards: G1069884518, Research Training in Experimental Immunology, G109073144, G2351744653, Adipose Tissue Macrophage Control of Metabolic Dysfunction in Diabetes, Regulation of Adipose Tissue Inflammation By Antigen Presenting Cells, Training Program in Translational Cardiovascular Research and Entrepreneurship, Mechanisms of CD4+ adipose tissue T cell activation in diabetes, G7201975796, Michigan Nutrition Obesity Research Center
OpenAlex ID: W3137140839