Traffic-related air pollution, road noise, urban green space, and incidence of cardiovascular events: findings from the Ontario Population Health and Environment Cohort (ONPHEC)
Year: 2020
Type: conference-abstract
Abstract: Background: Little is known about the interplay among traffic-related air pollutants, noise, urban greenness, and incidence of major cardiovascular events. Methods: We examined relationships between multiple environmental factors and incidence of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and congestive heart failure (CHF) in a cohort that comprised 1 million people aged 30+ years, who lived in Toronto, Canada, 2001-2015. We estimated annual concentrations of UFPs and NO2 using land-use regression models, derived noise levels (as the A-weighted equivalent sound pressure level over the 24-hour period) using propagation modelling, and estimated exposure to green space using satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index within 250 meters of participants’ residence. We assigned these estimates to participants’ annual postal-code addresses during follow-up. Using random-effects Cox proportional hazards models adjusting for individual- and neighborhood-level covariates, we assessed the associations of these factors with AMI and CHF in both single- and multiple-exposure models. We also examined the associations with each factor stratified by the levels of other factors. Results: During follow-up, there were 37,441 AMI incident cases and 95,138 CHF incident cases. In single exposure models, the associations of AMI and CHF increased monotonically across the quintiles of UFPs, NO2, and noise, but decreased across the quintiles of greenness. For both AMI and CHF, adjustment for noise and greenness attenuated the impact of UFPs: the HRs per interquartile range increase in UFPs reduced from 1.067 (1.048-1.088) to 1.048 (1.028-1.068) for AMI and from 1.039 (1.026-1.053) to 1.018 (1.004-1.031) for CHF. A similar pattern was seen for the impact of NO2 on CHF. There were no increased risks of AMI with UFPs and NO2 in the greenest areas. Conclusion: Adjustment for greenness and noise exposure had a tangible impact on the associations of UFPs and NO2 with AMI and CHF. The associations with AMI appeared to be modified by greenness.
Source: ISEE Conference Abstracts
Language: English
Subfield: Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis
Field: Environmental Science
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W3172129228