Determination of Urinary Mycotoxin Biomarkers Using a Sensitive Online Solid Phase Extraction-UHPLC-MS/MS Method
Year: 2021
Type: article
Abstract: In the course of assessing the human exposure to mycotoxins, biomarker-based approaches have proven to be important tools. Low concentration levels, complex matrix compositions, structurally diverse analytes, and the large size of sample cohorts are the main challenges of analytical procedures. For that reason, an online solid phase extraction-ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (online SPE-UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed, allowing for the sensitive, robust, and rapid analysis of 11 relevant mycotoxins and mycotoxin metabolites in human urine. The included spectrum of analytes comprises aflatoxin M1 (AFM1), altenuene (ALT), alternariol monomethyl ether (AME), alternariol (AOH), citrinin (CIT) and its metabolite dihydrocitrinone (DH-CIT), fumonisin B1 (FB1), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEN) as well as α- and β-zearalenol (α- and β-ZEL). Reliable quantitation was achieved by means of stable isotope dilution, except for ALT, AME and AOH using matrix calibrations. The evaluation of method performance displayed low limits of detection in the range of pg/mL urine, satisfactory apparent recovery rates as well as high accuracy and precision during intra- and interday repeatability. Within the analysis of Zimbabwean urine samples (n = 50), the applicability of the newly developed method was shown. In addition to FB1 being quantifiable in all analyzed samples, six other mycotoxin biomarkers were detected. Compared to the occurrence rates obtained after analyzing the same sample set using an established dilute and shoot (DaS) approach, a considerably higher number of positive samples was observed when applying the online SPE method. Owing to the increased sensitivity, less need of sample handling, and low time effort, the herein presented online SPE approach provides a valuable contribution to human biomonitoring of mycotoxin exposure.
Source: Toxins
Authors: Jessica Schmidt, Benedikt Cramer, Paul C. Turner, Rebecca J. Stoltzfus, Jean H. Humphrey, Laura E. Smith, Hans-Ulrich Humpf
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $2,332
Awards: G1391289704, The impact of microbial translocation and immune activation on the health of Zimbabwean children., The impact of cotrimoxazole on healthy birth and growth in rural Zimbabwe., G3353948535, G4161619932, Clinical PhD programme in Global Health Research, G4936812803, G5067374805, Clinical PhD programme in Global Health Research, Effect of a sanitation & nutrition intervention on HIV-exposed infant health, The impact of cotrimoxazole on healthy birth and growth in rural Zimbabwe., The impact of microbial translocation and immune activation on the health of Zimbabwean children, G6574034262, G6868616705
OpenAlex ID: W3172149451