Precision Modification of Native Antibodies
Year: 2021
Type: review
Abstract: Antibodies, particularly of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype, are a group of biomolecules that are extensively used as affinity reagents for many applications in research, disease diagnostics, and therapy. Most of these applications require antibodies to be modified with specific functional moieties, including fluorophores, drugs, and proteins. Thus, a variety of methodologies have been developed for the covalent labeling of antibodies. The most common methods stably attach functional molecules to lysine or cysteine residues, which unavoidably results in heterogeneous products that cannot be further purified. In an effort to prepare homogeneous antibody conjugates, bioorthogonal handles have been site-specifically introduced via enzymatic treatment, genetic code expansion, or genetically encoded tagging, followed by functionalization using bioorthogonal conjugation reactions. The resulting homogeneous products have proven superior to their heterogeneous counterparts for both in vitro and in vivo usage. Nevertheless, additional chemical treatment or protein engineering of antibodies is required for incorporation of the bioorthogonal handles, processes that often affect antibody folding, stability, and/or production yield and cost. Accordingly, concurrent with advances in the fields of bioorthogonal chemistry and protein engineering, there is growing interest in site-specifically labeling native (nonengineered) antibodies without chemical or enzymatic treatments. In this review, we highlight recent strategies for producing site-specific native antibody conjugates and provide a comprehensive summary of the merits and disadvantages of these strategies.
Source: Bioconjugate Chemistry
Institution: Rice University
Language: English
Subfield: Organic Chemistry
Field: Chemistry
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Funders: U.S. Department of Defense, Welch Foundation, Cancer Prevention and Research Institute of Texas, John S. Dunn Foundation, Hamill Foundation, National Institutes of Health, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of General Medical Sciences, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Division of Chemistry
Awards: G2026220670, G3103861102, G478208587, Recruitment of First-Time, Tenure-Track Faculty Members, ELIMINATING BONE MICROMETASTASES BY BONE-TARGETING ANTIBODIES, G5632531262, Development of Bone-Targeting Antibodies for Ewing Sarcoma Using Genetic Code Expansion, G850697743, Engineering Proteins with Noncanonical Amino Acids, Targeting Siglec-9/Sialoglycan Interactions to Enhance NK Functions During HIV Infection
OpenAlex ID: W3193893553