Evolution beyond nature's laws
Year: 2021
Type: preprint
Abstract: To understand the upper limits or potentials of metabolism, the theory of evolution needs to be defined from the mathematical and physical points of view. In this study, we proposed that life is a self-reproducing and self-accelerating open chemical system. Cell membrane and division are not necessary for life. Being alive is a status that life competes for energy and matters through complex metabolism. Evolution is the dynamic performance of life system. According to the scales of life activities, this study roughly classified life activities at the molecular, cellular, individual, ecological, and biogeochemical (atomic) levels, and summarized several new orders or laws which have been introduced with the increase of level, and analyzed the relationship between these laws and the evolution from simple to complex. Then we proposed a concept, that is, life not only obeys the mathematical and physical laws, but also evolves complex and ingenious methods to gradually use or avoid or even against the effects of nature's laws on life activities. To survive in a complex and changing environment, organisms significantly influence themselves at all five levels of life activities, and the whole biosphere can be considered as a huge feedback loop. The accelerated development of human civilization indicates that the feedback loop runs faster and faster. Based on previous studies and the present study, we propose that feedback regulation constantly drives the evolution of organisms due to the limitations of metabolism in a complex and changing environment.
Source: arXiv (Cornell University)
Author: Kai Xu
Institution: Jimei University
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W3198586917