Voltammetric sensing using an array of modified SPCE coupled with machine learning strategies for the improved identification of opioids in presence of cutting agents
Year: 2021
Type: article
Abstract: This work reports the use of modified screen-printed carbon electrodes (SPCEs) for the identification of three drugs of abuse and two habitual cutting agents, caffeine and paracetamol, combining voltammetric sensing and chemometrics. In order to achieve this goal, codeine, heroin and morphine were subjected to Square Wave Voltammetry (SWV) at pH 7, in order to elucidate their electrochemical fingerprints. The optimized SPCEs electrode array, which have a differentiated response for the three oxidizable compounds, was derived from Carbon, Prussian blue, Cobalt (II) phthalocyanine, Copper (II) oxide, Polypyrrole and Palladium nanoparticles ink-modified carbon electrodes. Finally, Principal Component Analysis (PCA) coupled with Silhouette parameter assessment was used to select the most suitable combination of sensors for identification of drugs of abuse in presence of cutting agents.
Institutions: Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, University of Antwerp
Language: English
Subfield: Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Field: Engineering
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: hybrid
Estimated APC paid: $2,700
Funders: FP7 Coherent Development of Research Policies, European Commission, Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación, International Osteoporosis Foundation, Universiteit Antwerpen, Ministerio de Asuntos Económicos y Transformación Digital, Gobierno de España, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona
OpenAlex ID: W3205086721