Year: 2021
Type: preprint
Abstract: ABSTRACT Competitive interactions between pathogen strains drive infection risk. Vaccines are thought to perturb strain diversity through shifts in immune pressures, however, this has rarely been measured due to inadequate data and analytical tools. Bordetella pertussis ( B. pertussis ), responsible for 160,000 deaths annually 1 , provides a rare natural experiment as many countries have switched from whole cell vaccines to acellular vaccines, which have very different immunogenic properties 2,3 . Here we use 3,344 sequences from 23 countries and build phylogenetic models to reveal that B. pertussis has substantial diversity within communities, with the relative fitness of local genotypes changing in response to switches in vaccine policy. We demonstrate that the number of transmission chains circulating within subnational regions is strongly associated with host population size. It takes 5-10 years for individual lineages to be homogeneously distributed throughout Europe or the United States. Increased fitness of pertactin-deficient strains following implementation of acellular vaccines, but reduced fitness otherwise, can explain long-term genotype dynamics. These findings highlight the role of national vaccine policies in shifting local diversity of a pathogen that still poses a large burden on global public health.
Authors: Noémie Lefrancq, Valérie Bouchez, Nadia Fernandes, Alex-Mikael Barkoff, Thijs Bosch, Tine Dalby, Thomas Åkerlund, Katerina Fabianova, Didrik F. Vestrheim, Norman K. Fry, Juan José González-López, Karolina Gullsby, Adele Habington, Qiushui He, David Litt, Helena Martini, Denis Piérard, Paola Stefanelli, Marc Stegger, Jana Zavadilova, Nathalie Armatys, Annie Landier, Sophie Guillot, Samuel L. Hong, Philippe Lemey, Julian Parkhill, Julie Toubiana, Simon Cauchemez, Henrik Salje, Sylvain Brisse
Institutions: Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut Pasteur, University of Cambridge, Génomique évolutive, modélisation et santé, University of Turku, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Statens Serum Institut, Public Health Agency of Sweden, National Institute of Public Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Public Health England, Vall d'Hebron Hospital Universitari, Uppsala University, Region Gävleborg, Children's Health Ireland at Crumlin, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rega Institute for Medical Research, KU Leuven, Université Paris Cité
Language: English
Subfield: Microbiology
Field: Immunology and Microbiology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: G1144940652, G1317281429, G1979782309, G282427092, G3256177976, G434337789, Institut Convergences pour l’étude de l’Emergence des Pathologies au Travers des Individus et des populatiONs, G5420063140, Coupling dynamic population immunity profiles and host behaviours to arboviral spread, G5716161078, G7240651115, G7376787254, G7540829840, G8670608220
OpenAlex ID: W3208081525