Year: 2022
Type: article
Abstract: The relationship between many-body interactions and dimensionality is integral to numerous emergent quantum phenomena.A striking example is the Bose gas, which upon confinement to one dimension (1D) obeys an infinite set of conservation laws, prohibiting thermalization and constraining dynamics.In our experiment, we demonstrate that such a 1D behavior can extend much further into the dimensional crossover toward 3D than expected.Starting from a weakly interacting Bose gas trapped in a highly elongated potential, we perform a quench to instigate the dynamics of a single density mode.Employing the theory of generalized hydrodynamics, we identify the dominant relaxation mechanism as the 1D dephasing of the relevant collective excitations of the system, the rapidities.Surprisingly, the dephasing remains dominant even for temperatures far exceeding conventional limits of one dimensionality where thermalization should occur.We attribute our observations to an emergent Pauli blocking of transverse excitations caused by the rapidities assuming fermionic statistics, despite the gas being purely bosonic.Thus, our study suggests that 1D physics is less fragile than previously thought, as it can persist even in the presence of significant perturbations.More broadly, by employing the exact Bethe ansatz solutions of the many-body system, we facilitate an interpretation of how the emergent macroscopic behavior arises from the microscopic interactions.
Source: Physical Review X
Institutions: TU Wien, Vienna Center for Quantum Science and Technology, University of Lisbon, Instituto de Telecomunicações, Instituto Superior Técnico, University of Vienna, Wolfgang Pauli Institute, Joint Institute for Laboratory Astrophysics, University of Colorado Boulder, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Collège de France, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, École Normale Supérieure - PSL, Sorbonne Université
Language: English
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $4,200
Funders: Foundational Questions Institute, Max Kade Foundation, European Commission, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Vienna Science and Technology Fund, Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften, Austrian Science Fund, Horizon 2020 Framework Programme, Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia, H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions
Awards: G211919557, ESQ-FP: Erwin Schrödinger Quantum Science Programme, G271729737, G434337789, G5454278309, Quantum Thermal Machines with Cold Atoms, Schrödinger Equations for QUantum EXperiments (SEQUEX), G6445438628, Three-photon fluorescence imaging deep inside scattering media, G7338274171, G7511421712
OpenAlex ID: W3216962063