Year: 2021
Type: article
Abstract: Purpose. Examine the formation of lettuce yield losses depending on the type of weeds and pests. Methods. Field, mathematical and statistical. Results. The most common in lettuce crops during the growing season are Cirsium avrense, Sonchus avrensis, Ambrosia artemisiifolia, Elymus repens, Sinapis avrensis, and Poligonum convolulus. It has been experimentally established that depending on the number of weeds in lettuce crops, there were different yield losses. The lowest yield losses (0.01 to 0.05 t) were in the amount of weeds from 5 to 8 pieces/m2. The increase in weeds has contributed to the loss of lettuce yield. However, this figure varied depending on weed species. Thus, with the growth of Sinapis avrensis, Consolida avrensis and Poligonum convolulus, the loss of yield was significantly lower compared to the control with the largest number of the weeds (0.30 t/ha). The largest yield losses (0.35–0.41 t/ha) were from Poligonum convolulus, Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Sonchus avrensis in the amount of 20 plants/m2. Given the growth of Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Cirsium avrense, this figure varied from 0.02 to 0.36 t/ha, depending on their number. The number of peach and melon aphids was from 1.0 to 1.5 specimens/plant, and other pests from 1.0 to 1.5 plants/m2. It should be noted that their number did not change much under varying weather conditions of the research years. The highest yield was obtained with the complex protection of lettuce plants. This indicator varied from 42.7 to 43.0 t/ha in different years of the study with the yield of marketable products at the level of 75–82%. If only the herbicide was used, the yield of lettuce decreased by only 3–5%, if only insecticide – by 12–13% compared to full protection. Weed infestation reduced the weed yield the most (60–66%). Conclusions. It was investigated that with the growth of Sinapis avrensis, Consolida avrensis and Poligonum convolulus, the loss of lettuce yield is the smallest, 0.18–0.26 t/ha. The largest yield losses (0.35–0.41 t/ha) occurred from Poligonum convolulus and Cirsium avrense in the amount of 20 plants/m2. With Ambrosia artemisiifolia and Cirsium avrense, this figure is from 0.02 to 0.36 t/ha, depending on their amount. Peach aphid (Myzodes persicae Sulz), melon aphid (Aphis gossypii Glov.), Chrysanthemum fly agaric [Amauromyza maculosa (Malloch)], mole cricket (Gryllotalpa gryllotalpa L.) and garden snail (Arion hortensis Ferussac) were found in lettuce crops. The number of peach aphids and watermelon aphids varies from 1.0 to 1.5 pest/plant, and other pests from 1.0 to 1.5 plants/m2. The highest yield was obtained with complex protection of lettuce plants – from 42.7 to 43.0 t/ha at the yield of marketable products at the level of 75–82%. If only the herbicide is used, the yield of lettuce is 41.0–41.5 t/ha with a yield of marketable products of 70–73%, if only insecticide, respectively, 37.3–38.0 t/ha and 60–66%. Lettuce weeds reduced the yield of marketable product the most.
Authors: L. I. Voievoda, O. P. Vasylenko, Yu. M. Mykhailovyn, N. S. Filimonova
Language: English
Subfield: Plant Science
Domain: Life Sciences
SDG: Zero hunger
Open Access status: diamond
OpenAlex ID: W4200119337