Faculty Opinions recommendation of Chromosome-specific nonrandom sister chromatid segregation during stem-cell division.
Year: 2013
Type: peer-review
Abstract: Adult stem cells undergo asymmetric cell division to self-renew and give rise to differentiated cells that comprise mature tissue 1 .Sister chromatids may be distinguished and segregated nonrandomly in asymmetrically dividing stem cells 2 , although the underlying mechanism and the purpose it may serve remain elusive.We developed the CO-FISH (chromosome orientation fluorescence in situ hybridization) technique 3 with single-chromosome resolution and show that sister chromatids of X and Y chromosomes, but not autosomes, are segregated non-randomly during asymmetric divisions of Drosophila male germline stem cells (GSCs).This provides the first direct evidence that two sister chromatids containing identical genetic information can be distinguished and segregated non-randomly during asymmetric stem cell divisions.We further show that the centrosome, SUN-KASH nuclear envelope proteins, and Dnmt2 are required for non-random sister chromatid segregation.Our data suggest that the information on X and Y chromosomes that enables non-random segregation is primed during gametogenesis in the parents.Moreover, we show that sister chromatid segregation is randomized in GSC overproliferation and dedifferentiated GSCs.We propose that non-random sister chromatid segregation may serve to transmit distinct information carried on two sister chromatids to the daughters of asymmetrically dividing stem cells.The Drosophila male germline stem cell (GSC) system is an excellent model system for the study of asymmetric stem cell division.GSCs can be identified at single-cell resolution at the apical tip of the testis, where they attach to a cluster of somatic hub cells, a major component of the stem cell niche 4 .GSCs divide asymmetrically by orienting the mitotic Users may view, print, copy, download and text and data-mine the content in such documents, for the purposes of academic research, subject always to the full Conditions of use: http://www.nature.com/
Author: Todd Nystul
Institution: University of California, San Francisco
Language: English
Subfield: Cell Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4206246402