Cell Biology of Hyphal Growth
Year: 2017
Type: review
Abstract: Filamentous fungi are a large and ancient clade of microorganisms that occupy a broad range of ecological niches. The success of filamentous fungi is largely due to their elongate hypha, a chain of cells, separated from each other by septa. Hyphae grow by polarized exocytosis at the apex, which allows the fungus to overcome long distances and invade many substrates, including soils and host tissues. Hyphal tip growth is initiated by establishment of a growth site and the subsequent maintenance of the growth axis, with transport of growth supplies, including membranes and proteins, delivered by motors along the cytoskeleton to the hyphal apex. Among the enzymes delivered are cell wall synthases that are exocytosed for local synthesis of the extracellular cell wall. Exocytosis is opposed by endocytic uptake of soluble and membrane-bound material into the cell. The first intracellular compartment in the endocytic pathway is the early endosomes, which emerge to perform essential additional functions as spatial organizers of the hyphal cell. Individual compartments within septated hyphae can communicate with each other via septal pores, which allow passage of cytoplasm or organelles to help differentiation within the mycelium. This article introduces the reader to more detailed aspects of hyphal growth in fungi.
Source: Microbiology Spectrum
Authors: Gero Steinberg, Miguel A. Peñalva, Meritxell Riquelme, Han A. Wösten, Steven D. Harris
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: Regulation of long-distance dynein motility in the model fungus Ustilago maydis, The role of myosins in targeting of chitin synthases to apical growth regions during growth and infection by Ustilago maydis, The dynamics of secretory vesicles in living hyphae of the pathogen Ustilago maydis., Stochastic Versus Deterministic: Mechanisms of Bi-Directional Endosomes Motility in the Plant Pathogen Ustilago maydis, A functional genomics toolkit for the wheat pathogen Mycosphaerella graminicola, Identifying the molecular mechanism by which the conserved Hook/Fts/Fhip complex controls kinesin-3 and dynein attachment to early endosomes, Molecular mechanism and control of a fungal exocytosis pathway in the plant pathogens Ustilago maydis and Mycosphaerella graminicola, Regulation of motors in bidirectional motility of early endosomes in the model pathogenic fungus Ustilago maydis
OpenAlex ID: W2606584619