Molecular mechanisms of developmental pathways in neurological disorders: a pharmacological and therapeutic review
Year: 2022
Type: article
Abstract: Developmental signalling pathways such as Wnt/β-catenin, Notch and Sonic hedgehog play a central role in nearly all the stages of neuronal development. The term 'embryonic' might appear to be a misnomer to several people because these pathways are functional during the early stages of embryonic development and adulthood, albeit to a certain degree. Therefore, any aberration in these pathways or their associated components may contribute towards a detrimental outcome in the form of neurological disorders such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and stroke. In the last decade, researchers have extensively studied these pathways to decipher disease-related interactions, which can be used as therapeutic targets to improve outcomes in patients with neurological abnormalities. However, a lot remains to be understood in this domain. Nevertheless, there is strong evidence supporting the fact that embryonic signalling is indeed a crucial mechanism as is manifested by its role in driving memory loss, motor impairments and many other processes after brain trauma. In this review, we explore the key roles of three embryonic pathways in modulating a range of homeostatic processes such as maintaining blood-brain barrier integrity, mitochondrial dynamics and neuroinflammation. In addition, we extensively investigated the effect of these pathways in driving the pathophysiology of a range of disorders such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and diabetic neuropathy. The concluding section of the review is dedicated to neurotherapeutics, wherein we identify and list a range of biological molecules and compounds that have shown enormous potential in improving prognosis in patients with these disorders.
Source: Open Biology
DOI: 10.1098/rsob.210289
Authors: Niraj Kumar Jha, Wei-Chih Chen, Sanjay Kumar, Rajni Dubey, Lung-Wen Tsai, Rohan Kar, Saurabh Kumar Jha, Piyush Kumar Gupta, Ankur Sharma, Rohit Gundamaraju, Kumud Pant, Shalini Mani, Sandeep Kumar Singh, Ricardo B. Maccioni, Tirtharaj Datta, Sachin Kumar Singh, Gaurav Gupta, Parteek Prasher, Kamal Dua, Abhijit Dey, Charu Sharma, Yasir Hayat Mughal, Janne Ruokolainen, Kavindra Kumar Kesari, Shreesh Ojha
Institutions: Sharda University, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Indian Institute of Management Ahmedabad, University of Tasmania, Graphic Era University, Jaypee Institute of Information Technology, Lovely Professional University, University of Chile, Gyan Vihar University, University of Petroleum and Energy Studies, University of Technology Sydney, Presidency University, United Arab Emirates University, Qassim University, Aalto University
Language: English
Subfield: Molecular Biology
Domain: Life Sciences
Open Access status: gold
Estimated APC paid: $1,839
OpenAlex ID: W4221032481