Year: 2022
Type: article
Abstract: We prepare two-dimensional states generated by shallow circuits composed of (1) one layer of the two-qubit controlled-Z (CZ) gate or (2) a few layers of the two-qubit random Clifford gate. After measuring all of the bulk qubits, we study the entanglement structure of the remaining qubits on the one-dimensional boundary. In the first model, we observe that the competition between the bulk $X$ and $Z$ measurements can lead to an entanglement phase transition between an entangled volume law phase and a disentangled area law phase. We numerically evaluate the critical exponents and generalize this idea to other qudit systems with a local Hilbert space dimension larger than 2. In the second model, we observe the entanglement transition by varying the density of the two-qubit gate in each layer. We give an interpretation of this transition in terms of the random bond Ising model in a similar shallow circuit composed of random Haar gates.
Authors: Hanchen Liu, Tianci Zhou, Xiao Chen
Institutions: Boston College, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Language: English
Topic: Quantum many-body systems
Subfield: Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
OpenAlex ID: W4226046748