Year: 2023
Type: conference-paper
Abstract: Observational advances over the last decade have enabled high-resolution, interferometric studies of forming multiple systems, statistical surveys of multiplicity in star-forming regions, and new insights into disk evolution and planetary architectures in these systems. In this review, we compile the results of observational and theoretical studies of stellar multiplicity. We summarize the population statistics spanning system evolution from the protostellar phase through the main-sequence phase and evaluate the influence of the local environment. In short, most stars are born in multiple stellar systems, most main sequence stars are members of multiple systems, but most star systems are single. We describe current models for the origin of stellar multiplicity and review the landscape of numerical simulations and evaluate their consistency with observations. We review the properties of disks and discuss the impact of multiplicity on planet formation and system architectures. Finally, we summarize open questions and discuss the technical requirements for future observational and theoretical progress.
DOI: 10.26624/lsul6799
Language: English
Subfield: Astronomy and Astrophysics
Field: Physics and Astronomy
Domain: Physical Sciences
Open Access status: green
Awards: The Formation, Evolution, and Fate of Multiple Star Systems, G2271590008, CLOSE BINARY STARS WITH PERIODS LESS THAN ROUGHLY 100 DAYS PRODUCE A WIDE VARIETY OF ASTROPHYSICAL PHENOMENA AND YET THEIR ORIGINS REMAIN UNKNOWN. THEORETICAL MODELS SUGGEST THAT BINARIES AND HIGHER ORDER MULTIPLES BEGIN THEIR LIVES AT SEPARATIONS OF 10S-1000S OF AU. SOME FRACTION OF THESE THEN SHED ENERGY AND ANGULAR MOMENTUM VIA A RANGE OF PROCESSES TO ARRIVE ON SHORT ORBITS WHERE THEY INTERACT EXPLODE AND PROVIDE FOR PRECISE MEASUREMENTS OF STELLAR PARAMETERS. THEIR PROPOSAL TAKES A TWO PRONGED APPROACH TO CONSTRAINING THE ORIGIN AND EVOLUTION OF CLOSE BINARIES: THEY WILL CARRY OUT A SERIES OF HIGH RESOLUTION 3D HYDRODYNAMIC NUMERICAL EXPERIMENTS IN ORDER TO PLACE TIGHT CONSTRAINTS ON HOW ORBITS EVOLVE WHEN BINARIES INTERACT WITH THEIR NATAL DISKS. THEY CONSIDER THE INTERACTIONS OF STARS WITH INDIVIDUAL CIRCUMSTELLAR DISKS AS WELL AS THE INTERACTION OF BINARIES EMBEDDED WITHIN A SINGLE DISK. IN CONJUNCTION WITH THEIR MODELING OF THESE DETAILED PHYSICAL PROCESSES THEY WILL CONSTRUCT MOCK POPULATIONS OF CLOSE BINARIES AND TRIPLE STAR SYSTEMS BEGINNING FROM REALISTIC INITIAL CONDITIONS FOR FORMATION. THEY WILL COMBINE PARAMETERIZED MODELS FOR EARLY PHASE ORBIT MIGRATION IN DISKS DYNAMICAL INSTABILITIES IN MULTI-STAR SYSTEMS AND THE DIRECT INTEGRATION OF SECULAR EVOLUTION EQUATIONS. THEIR SECULAR EVOLUTION MODELS WILL ALSO INCLUDE GENERAL RELATIVISTIC EFFECTS TIDAL PRECESSION AND TIDAL DISSIPATION. THEY WILL VARY OUR INITIAL CONDITIONS IN ORDER TO PRODUCE A RANGE OF MOCK POPULATIONS WHICH WILL ALLOW THEM TO CALCULATE HOW VARIOUS COMBINATIONS OF INITIAL DISTRIBUTIONS AND MECHANISMS SHAPE THE FINAL STATISTICS OF BINARY AND TRIPLE SYSTEMS. THEIR MODELING APPROACH WILL FOCUS ON TWO NOVEL ASPECTS OF TRIPLE STAR STATISTICS: MASS RATIO DISTRIBUTIONS AND RELATIVE INCLINATIONS. THEIR WORK WILL BE WELL TIMED TO BOTH UTILIZE AND MAKE PREDICTIONS FOR GAIA WHICH WILL INCREASE THE SAMPLE OF WELL CHARACTERIZED TRIPLE STAR SYSTEMS BY TWO ORDERS OF MAGNITUDE. WE DEMONSTRATE HOW THEIR MODELS WILL INTERACT WITH THESE NEW DATA SETS., CAREER: The Role of Stellar Feedback in Star Formation, G5950927753, G6671297155, Harnessing Machine Learning to Study the Life Cycle of Stars
OpenAlex ID: W4226510669